The combined effects of global warming and increasing urban heat islands (UHIs) on air temperature and heat stress in cities are notable physical and mental health implications for citizens. With research having shown the effective role of urban green spaces in decreasing urban heat, this study investigated the cooling effect of a large urban park on thermal comfort outside the park area, from psychological and physiological perspectives. The studied park is located in the center of Madrid and adjacent to UHI. The study was performed by conducting field measurements and a survey with questionnaires. The measurements made on six summer days (with two-week intervals) showed that the park’s cooling effect could decrease the air temperature by 2.4–2.8 °C right up to the edge of the heat island (600 m), and decrease the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by about 3.9 °C. By decreasing air temperature and PET, this park was also shown to increase the perceived thermal comfort (PTC) of the citizens from the psychological perspective in the defined area of effect. This perceived thermal comfort was found to have a significant inverse relationship with PET (P-value <0.05). The examination of cognitive maps drawn by citizens showed that out of the 145 respondents, 68.3% marked the park as the area that they perceive as having the greatest thermal comfort, and prefer as the place to spend time enjoying thermal comfort, irrespective of its distance from their location.

全球变暖和城市热岛（UHIs）不断增加对城市气温和热应激的综合影响对公民的身心健康具有显着影响。这项研究已经表明了城市绿地在减少城市热量方面的有效作用，这项研究从心理和生理的角度研究了大型城市公园对公园外部的热舒适性的降温效果。被研究的公园位于马德里市中心，毗邻UHI。该研究是通过实地测量和问卷调查进行的。在六个夏日（每两周间隔一次）进行的测量表明，公园的降温效果可能会使空气温度降低2.4-2.8°C，直到热岛的边缘（600 m），并将生理等效温度（PET）降低约3.9°C。通过降低空气温度和PET，从心理学角度看，在确定的影响范围内，该公园还可以提高市民的感知热舒适度（PTC）。发现这种感觉到的热舒适度与PET呈显着反比关系（P值<0.05）。对公民绘制的认知图的检查表明，在145位受访者中，有68.3％的人将该公园标记为他们认为具有最大热舒适性的区域，并且更喜欢将其作为消磨时间的地方，而不论其距离如何从他们的位置。从心理角度看，这个公园还可以在限定的作用范围内增加市民的感知热舒适度（PTC）。发现这种感觉到的热舒适度与PET呈显着反比关系（P值<0.05）。对公民绘制的认知图的检查表明，在145位受访者中，有68.3％的人将该公园标记为他们认为具有最大热舒适性的区域，并且更喜欢将其作为消磨时间的地方，而不论其距离如何从他们的位置。从心理角度看，这个公园还可以在限定的作用范围内增加市民的感知热舒适度（PTC）。发现这种感觉到的热舒适性与PET有显着的反比关系（P值<0.05）。对公民绘制的认知图的检查表明，在145位受访者中，有68.3％的人将该公园标记为他们认为具有最大热舒适性的区域，并且更喜欢将其作为消磨时间的地方，而不论其距离如何从他们的位置。