The polarity and molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important factor determining the treatability of water for domestic supply. DOM in surface water and groundwater is comprised of a mixture of carbon with varying molecular weight ranges, with its composition driven by DOM sources and processing. Here, we present the largest dataset of chromatographic DOM in surface and groundwater samples (n = 246) using liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LCOCD). Our data represents four categories (surface water, hyporheic zone water, local groundwater, and regional groundwater) from five different sites across Australia. In all environments, high molecular weight hydrophilic DOM such as biopolymers (BP) and humic substances (HS) are present in surface waters and are processed out of groundwater as it moves from surface water and hyporheic zones into shallow local groundwater and deeper regional groundwaters. This results in a higher percentage of low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) and hydrophobic organic carbon (HOC) in deeper regional groundwaters. Our findings indicate that the presence of sedimentary organic matter strongly influence the character of surface and groundwater DOM, resulting in groundwater with higher HS aromaticity and molecular weight, and reduced percentage of LMWNs. We also observe highly variable hydrophilic / HOC ratios in groundwater at all sites, with 9.60% and 25.64% of samples at sites containing sedimentary peat layers and non-sedimentary peat sites respectively containing only hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We identify average hydrophilic / HOC ratios of 4.35 ± 3.76 and 7.53 ± 5.32 at sites containing sedimentary peat layers and non-sedimentary peat sites respectively where both hydrophilic DOC and HOC are present. Overall our results suggest that fractured rock and alluvial aquifers in sedimentary organic carbon poor environments may contain DOC which is better suited to ozonation, biologically activated carbon filtration powdered activated carbon, suspended ion exchange treatment or magnetic ion exchange resin since DOC is more hydrophilic and of lower molecular weight and lower aromaticity. Aquifers located near sedimentary organic matter layers may benefit from pre-treatment by coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration which have high removal efficiency for high molecular weight and polar compounds.

溶解有机物（DOM）的极性和分子量是决定自来水可处理性的重要因素。地表水和地下水中的DOM由具有不同分子量范围的碳的混合物组成，其组成受DOM源和加工过程驱动。在这里，我们介绍了 使用液相色谱有机碳检测（LC）在地表和地下水样品（n = 246）中最大的色谱DOM数据集OCD）。我们的数据代表了来自澳大利亚五个不同地点的四个类别（地表水，低渗带水，当地地下水和区域地下水）。在所有环境中，地表水中都存在高分子量亲水性DOM，例如生物聚合物（BP）和腐殖质（HS），随着地下水从地表水和低渗区进入浅层局部地下水和深层区域地下水，它们被从地下水中去除。这导致在较深的区域地下水中有较高百分比的低分子量中性（LMWN）和疏水性有机碳（HOC）。我们的发现表明，沉积有机物的存在强烈影响地表水和地下水DOM的特性，导致地下水具有较高的HS芳香度和分子量，并降低了LMWNs的百分比。我们还观察到所有地点的地下水中亲水性/ HOC比率变化很大，其中分别有9.60％和25.64％的样品分别位于沉积泥炭层和非沉积泥炭地点，分别仅包含亲水性溶解有机碳（DOC）。我们在分别包含亲水性DOC和HOC的沉积泥炭层和非沉积泥炭的位置分别确定了4.35±3.76和7.53±5.32的平均亲水/ HOC比。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，在沉积有机碳贫瘠的环境中，岩石和冲积含水层中的裂缝可能含有DOC，它更适合臭氧化，生物活性炭过滤，粉末状活性炭，悬浮离子交换处理或磁性离子交换树脂，因为DOC亲水性更高，分子量更低，芳香性更低。位于沉积有机物层附近的含水层可通过凝结/絮凝，沉淀和砂滤进行预处理，从而对高分子量和极性化合物具有很高的去除效率。