As emerging electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters, graphitic carbon nitride (g–C₃N₄)-based nanocomposites not only inherit the advantages of pristine g-C₃N₄ with high stability and good biocompatibility, but also improve its conductivity, dispersion and ECL efficiency. Therefore, they have already become a growing area of interest in ECL. We summarized the current advancement of different g–C₃N₄-based nanocomposites ECL systems and related applications in biosensors. We focus on the exciting mechanisms of the enhanced ECL performances of various g–C₃N₄-based nanocomposites, including metal nanoparticles/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites, non-metal doped g–C₃N₄-based nanocomposites, metal oxide/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites, carbonaceous material/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites, metal organic framework and other material/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites. Finally, this review ends with perspectives in exploring new and effective g–C₃N₄-based nanocomposites ECL systems and in building sensitive ECL biosensors.

作为新兴的电化学发光（ECL）发射器，基于石墨碳氮化物（g–C ₃ N ₄）的纳米复合材料不仅继承了原始gC ₃ N ₄的优点，具有高稳定性和良好的生物相容性，而且还提高了其电导率，分散性和ECL效率。因此，它们已经成为ECL的一个增长领域。我们总结了不同的基于g–C ₃ N ₄的纳米复合材料ECL系统的最新进展以及在生物传感器中的相关应用。我们关注各种基于g–C ₃ N ₄的纳米复合材料（包括金属纳米颗粒/ gC _3）增强ECL性能的令人兴奋的机制。N ₄纳米复合材料，非金属掺杂的基于g–C ₃ N ₄的纳米复合材料，金属氧化物/ gC ₃ N ₄纳米复合材料，含碳材料/ gC ₃ N ₄纳米复合材料，金属有机骨架和其他材料/ gC ₃ N ₄纳米复合材料。最后，本文以探索新型有效的基于g–C ₃ N ₄的纳米复合材料ECL系统以及构建敏感的ECL生物传感器的观点作为结尾。