This paper explores a revenue maximization problem for distributed energy resources in a local day-ahead and balancing market. The local market creates opportunities for competition among distributed energy resources, however it may also lead to exercising market power. In the day-ahead market, the strategic revenue maximization of the distributed energy resources is modelled through a bi-level optimization. The upper-level in the bi-level optimization is from the strategic distributed energy resource’s perspective and the lower-level problem is from the local market operator’s perspective. The balancing market (where there is perfect competition) is modelled by the shrinking rolling horizon approach. A wind farm with a storage system is considered as a case study of a strategic distributed energy resource to evaluate its profitability within the proposed revenue maximization problem. The revenue of the wind farm in the local market is compared with the one in a (business-as-usual) centralized market where it cannot exercise market power. Sensitivity analysis regarding the effect of changing the distribution system parameters e.g. the branch resistances and the loads, on the revenue of the wind farm and its bidding behaviour is performed. Moreover, the role of the storage system on the revenue of the wind farm is studied. Results show that an overloaded or weak distribution system will positively influence the strategic position of the wind farm. Finally, it is shown that depending on the existence of market power, a storage system can bring extra revenues for the wind farm, by hedging against its uncertain output.

本文探讨了日前均衡市场中分布式能源的收益最大化问题。本地市场为分布式能源之间的竞争创造了机会，但也可能导致行使市场支配力。在日前市场中，分布式能源的战略收益最大化是通过双层优化建模的。双层优化的高层是从战略性分布式能源的角度来看，较低层的问题是从本地市场运营商的角度来看。平衡市场（存在完美竞争的市场）是通过不断缩小的滚动方法建模的。带有存储系统的风电场被视为战略性分布式能源的案例研究，以在提议的收益最大化问题内评估其盈利能力。将风电场在本地市场上的收入与无法行使市场支配力的（照常营业）集中市场中的收入进行比较。进行了有关更改配电系统参数（例如分支电阻和负载）对风电场收益及其投标行为的影响的敏感性分析。此外，还研究了存储系统在风电场收益中的作用。结果表明，过载或薄弱的配电系统将对风电场的战略地位产生积极影响。最后，表明根据市场力量的存在，