Thyroid hormones (TH; T3 and T4) play a fundamental role in the fetal stage to the adult phase, controlling gene and protein expression in virtually all tissues. The endocrine and CNS systems have relevant interaction, and the TH are pivotal for the proper functioning of the CNS. A slight failure to regulate TH availability during pregnancy and/or childhood can lead to neurological disorders, for example, autism and cognitive impairment, or depression. In this review, we highlight how TH acts in controlling gene expression, its role in the CNS, and what substances widely found in the environment can cause in this tissue. We highlight the role of Endocrine Disruptors used on an everyday basis in the processing of mRNAs responsible for neurodevelopment. We conclude that TH, more precisely T3, acts mainly throughout its nuclear receptors, that the deficiency of this hormone, either due to the lack of its main substrate iodine, or by to incorrect organification of T4 and T3 in the gland, or by a mutation in transporters, receptors and deiodinases may cause mild (dysregulated mood in adulthood) to severe neurological impairment (Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, presented as early as childhood); T3 is responsible for the expression of numerous CNS genes related to oxygen transport, growth factors, myelination, cell maturation. Substances present in the environment and widely used can interfere with the functioning of the thyroid gland, the action of TH, and the functioning of the CNS.

甲状腺激素（TH；T3 和 T4）在胎儿期到成年期发挥着重要作用，控制着几乎所有组织中的基因和蛋白质表达。内分泌和CNS系统有相关的相互作用，TH对于CNS的正常运作至关重要。在怀孕和/或儿童时期调节 TH 可用性的轻微失败可能导致神经系统疾病，例如自闭症和认知障碍或抑郁症。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 TH 在控制基因表达中的作用、它在中枢神经系统中的作用，以及在环境中广泛发现的物质会在该组织中引起什么。我们强调了日常使用的内分泌干扰物在处理负责神经发育的 mRNA 中的作用。我们得出结论，TH，更准确地说是 T3，主要作用于其核受体，这种激素的缺乏，无论是由于缺乏其主要底物碘，还是由于腺体中 T4 和 T3 的不正确组织，或转运蛋白、受体和脱碘酶的突变，都可能导致轻度（成年期情绪失调）严重的神经功能障碍（Allan-Herndon-Dudley 综合征，早在儿童时期就出现）；T3 负责许多与氧转运、生长因子、髓鞘形成、细胞成熟相关的 CNS 基因的表达。环境中存在并广泛使用的物质会干扰甲状腺的功能、TH 的作用和中枢神经系统的功能。受体和脱碘酶可能导致轻度（成年时情绪失调）到严重的神经损伤（Allan-Herndon-Dudley 综合征，早在儿童时期就出现）；T3 负责许多与氧转运、生长因子、髓鞘形成、细胞成熟相关的 CNS 基因的表达。环境中存在并广泛使用的物质会干扰甲状腺的功能、TH 的作用和中枢神经系统的功能。受体和脱碘酶可能导致轻度（成年时情绪失调）到严重的神经损伤（Allan-Herndon-Dudley 综合征，早在儿童时期就出现）；T3 负责许多与氧转运、生长因子、髓鞘形成、细胞成熟相关的 CNS 基因的表达。环境中存在并广泛使用的物质会干扰甲状腺的功能、TH 的作用和中枢神经系统的功能。