Metal-iodine batteries (MIBs) hold practical promise for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems because of the high electrochemical reversibility and low cost. Regardless of the considerable advancements in rechargeable MIBs, several challenges such as unsatisfied energy density and the inferior cycling stability still hinder their widespread applications. Over the past five years, researchers around the world have dedicated enormous resources to the study of battery chemistries and materials based on the progress of MIBs, but there is little systematic overview of these efforts yet. Here, a comprehensive overview related to the design of advanced electrode structures and battery models for MIBs is presented, beginning with the current understanding of the mechanisms and challenges, then methods such as various kinds of composite iodine cathodes, protective interlayers, and relevant solid-state battery systems. The review also underscores the key scientific issues of inhibiting iodine dissolution under reversible reaction conditions. Based on the works described and parallel recent studies in other systems, important and targeted guidelines for further research and development efforts in this field are provided. It is expected that this review will draw more attention to MIBs from both the academic and industrial communities.

金属碘电池（MIB）具有高度的电化学可逆性和低成本，因此在下一代电化学能量存储系统中具有实用的前景。尽管可再充电MIB取得了长足的进步，但是诸如能量密度不令人满意和循环稳定性差等几个挑战仍然阻碍了它们的广泛应用。在过去的五年中，基于MIB的进展，世界各地的研究人员已投入大量资源来研究电池化学和材料，但对这些努力的系统化概述却很少。在此，从对机理和挑战的当前理解开始，介绍了与用于MIB的高级电极结构和电池模型的设计有关的全面概述，然后使用各种方法，例如各种复合碘阴极，保护性中间层以及相关的固态电池系统。该评论还强调了在可逆反应条件下抑制碘溶解的关键科学问题。基于所描述的工作以及在其他系统中的近期研究，为该领域的进一步研究和开发提供了重要且有针对性的指南。预计这次审查将引起学术界和工业界对MIB的更多关注。提供了在该领域进行进一步研究和开发的重要针对性指南。预计这次审查将引起学术界和工业界对MIB的更多关注。提供了在该领域进行进一步研究和开发的重要针对性指南。预计这次审查将引起学术界和工业界对MIB的更多关注。