The genus Brassica, family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), comprises many important species of oil crops, vegetables and medicinal plants including B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. nigra, B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata. Genomic researches in Brassica species is constrained by polyploidization, mainly due to its complicated genomic structure. However, rapid development of methods for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), such as next generation sequencing and SNP microarray, has accelerated release of reference Brassica species genomes as well as discovery of large numbers and genome-wide SNPs, thus intensifying forward genetics in this genus. In this review, we summarize biological characteristics, classification and various methods for detecting SNPs, focusing on high-throughput techniques. Moreover, we describe the pivotal roles of SNPs in genetic diversity, linkage map construction and QTL mapping, comparative genomics, linkage disequilibrium and genome-wide association studies. These insights are expected to deepen our understanding and guide further advancements in Brassica species research.

属甘蓝，十字花科（十字花科），包括油料作物，蔬菜，药用植物，包括许多重要的物种白菜型油菜，甘蓝，黑芥，甘蓝型油菜，芥菜，芥。芸苔属植物的基因组研究受到多倍体化的制约，主要是由于其复杂的基因组结构。然而，检测单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 方法的快速发展，如下一代测序和 SNP 微阵列，加速了参考芸苔的发布物种基因组以及大量和全基因组 SNP 的发现，从而加强了该属的正向遗传学。在这篇综述中，我们总结了检测 SNP 的生物学特性、分类和各种方法，重点是高通量技术。此外，我们描述了 SNP 在遗传多样性、连锁图构建和 QTL 定位、比较基因组学、连锁不平衡和全基因组关联研究中的关键作用。这些见解有望加深我们的理解并指导芸苔属植物研究的进一步进展。