The phytochemical composition of Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. essential oils and extracts of flowers and leaves and their anticholinesterase, anti-α-amylase, antioxidant, antibacterial and allelopathic potential were investigated. Forty-two volatile components were identified by GC-FID and GC–MS analyses. Citronellol (26.98 %–24.3 %), geraniol (20.65 %–21.81 %) and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (13.06 %–5.13 %) were the main constituents for leaves and flowers oils. The highest amounts of polyphenols (142.71 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (52.32 mg RE/g DW) and flavonols (20.15 mg RE/g DW) were shown by the polar subfraction of the leaf extracts. Flowers were characterized by high levels of condensed tannins (13.27 mg CE/g DW). Essential oils and extracts were found to possess important capacity to inhibit the α-amylase and acethylcholinesterase activities. The oils' and extracts antioxidant activity was relatively high, determined by DPPH (IC₅₀ = 711–1280 μg/mL for oils and 12.24–44.24 μg/mL for extracts) and ABTS (15.8–17.95 μg TE/mg DW for oils and 131.54–241.83 μg TE/mg DW for extracts) assays, which was correlated to their phenolic contents. Based on the determination of the diameter of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration, a high antibacterial activity according to oils and extracts was revealed against eleven bacteria strains. Also, the P. graveolens oils and extracts inhibited the shoot and root growth of Medicago sativa L., Triticum aestivum L. and Lactuca sativa L. seedlings. Therefore, P. graveolens can be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical industries.

天竺葵天竺葵的植物化学组成。研究了花，叶的精油和提取物及其抗胆碱酯酶，抗α-淀粉酶，抗氧化剂，抗菌和化感潜力。通过GC-FID和GC-MS分析鉴定出42种挥发性成分。香茅醇（26.98％–24.3％），香叶醇（20.65％–21.81％）和10- Epi - γ-eudesmol（13.06％–5.13％）是叶和花油的主要成分。叶提取物的极性分馏显示最高含量的多酚（142.71 mg GAE / g DW），类黄酮（52.32 mg RE / g DW）和黄酮醇（20.15 mg RE / g DW）。花的特征是高浓度的单宁（13.27 mg CE / g DW）。发现精油和提取物具有抑制α-淀粉酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的重要能力。根据DPPH（IC _50）测定，该油和提取物的抗氧化活性较高。= 711–1280μg/ mL（油类，提取物12.24–44.24μg/ mL，提取物）和ABTS（油类为15.8–17.95μgTE / mg DW，提取物为131.54–241.83μgTE / mg DW），与它们的酚含量。基于抑制直径和最小抑制浓度的测定，揭示了根据油和提取物对十一种细菌菌株的高抗菌活性。另外，P.graveolens油和提取物抑制紫花苜蓿，普通小麦和紫花苜蓿苗的芽和根生长。因此，P.graveolens可用作食品和制药工业中生物活性化合物的天然来源。