Comparison of geo-referred bathymetric datasets from 2000 to 2017, at different timescales, allowed to analyze changes in the sedimentary balance and to determine patterns of morphological adjustment in the Magdalena River (South America). The Magdalena River has one of the highest sediment yields among the major rivers of the world. In addition, it is a laterally constrained river mouth due to a series of man-made structures inhibiting its morphological response. Thus, it provides an illustrative example to study siltation processes in a river mouth system where a low capacity of morphological response interacts with a high-magnitude sediment transport regime. The river mouth exhibited an overall slow-pace deepening trend between 2000 and 2017. However, it experienced cyclic shifts between erosive and siltation states, both at interannual and intra-annual scales. The rates of erosion were 310 mm yr⁻¹ on average during the erosional stages. Whereas sedimentation rates were 293 mm yr⁻¹ on average during the sedimentation stages. Maximum rates of erosion and sedimentation were 1450 mm yr⁻¹ and 2625 mm yr⁻¹, respectively. However, intra-annual rates of sedimentation/erosion were of the same magnitude or larger compared with the interannual rates. Such high rates and the rapid changes in the sedimentary balance is the result of the cumulative effect of its limited morphological response capacity and its large suspended sediment load. These rapid processes generate constraints and threats to navigation. Particularly, at intra-annual scales. Consequently, innovative intervention proposals, recognizing the rapid transitions and geomorphological adaptations, are required for managing this type of river mouths.

比较2000年至2017年不同时间尺度的地理基准测深数据集，可以分析沉积平衡的变化并确定马格达莱纳河（南美）的形态调整模式。玛格达莱纳河是世界主要河流中沉积物产量最高的国家之一。此外，由于一系列抑制其形态响应的人造结构，它是横向受限的河口。因此，它提供了一个示例性的例子来研究河口系统中的淤积过程，在该系统中，形态反应能力低与高强度沉积物输运制度相互作用。在2000年至2017年期间，河口呈现出总体缓慢的加深趋势。但是，它经历了侵蚀状态和淤积状态之间的周期性变化，每年一次和每年一次。侵蚀速率为310毫米yr在侵蚀阶段平均为^-1。而在沉积阶段，平均沉积速率为293 mm yr ^-1。最大侵蚀和沉积速率为1450 mm yr ^-1和2625 mm yr ^-1， 分别。然而，与年际速率相比，年际沉积/侵蚀速率具有相同的幅度或更大。如此高的速率和沉积物平衡的快速变化是其有限的形态响应能力和较大的悬浮沉积物负荷的累积效应的结果。这些快速的过程对导航产生了约束和威胁。特别是在年度范围内。因此，管理此类河口需要创新的干预建议，以认识到快速过渡和地貌适应性。