To grow and divide, cells must extract resources from dynamic and unpredictable environments. Many organisms use different metabolic strategies for distinct contexts. Budding yeast can produce ATP from carbon sources by mechanisms that prioritize either speed (fermentation) or yield (respiration). Withdrawing glucose from exponentially growing cells reveals variability in their ability to switch from fermentation to respiration. We observe two subpopulations of glucose-starved cells: recoverers, which rapidly adapt and resume growth, and arresters, which enter a shock state characterized by deformation of many cellular structures, including mitochondria. These states are heritable, and on high glucose, arresters grow and divide faster than recoverers. Recoverers have a fitness advantage during a carbon source shift but are less fit in a constant, high-glucose environment, and we observe natural variation in the frequency of the two states across wild yeast strains. These experiments suggest that bet hedging has evolved in budding yeast.

为了生长和分裂，细胞必须从动态和不可预测的环境中提取资源。许多生物体针对不同的环境使用不同的代谢策略。发芽酵母可以通过优先考虑速度（发酵）或产量（呼吸）的机制从碳源产生 ATP。从呈指数增长的细胞中提取葡萄糖揭示了它们从发酵转变为呼吸的能力的可变性。我们观察到葡萄糖饥饿细胞的两个亚群：快速适应和恢复生长的恢复细胞，以及进入以许多细胞结构（包括线粒体）变形为特征的休克状态的抑制细胞。这些状态是可遗传的，并且在高血糖情况下，避雷器的生长和分裂速度比恢复器快。恢复器在碳源转移期间具有适应性优势，但不太适合常数，高葡萄糖环境，我们观察到野生酵母菌株中两种状态频率的自然变化。这些实验表明，在萌芽的酵母中，赌注对冲已经进化。