Recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. This phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) between wild birds and domestic poultry. To this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four species of free-living Egyptian wild birds (i.e. mallard duck, bean goose, white-fronted goose and black-billed magpie). Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of three positive isolates revealed that the IBDV/USC-1/2019 strain clustered with previously reported very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) Egyptian isolates. Interestingly, two other wild bird-origin isolates (i.e. IBDV/USC-2/2019 and IBDV/USC-3/2019) grouped with a vaccine strain that is being used in commercial poultry. In conclusion, our results revealed the molecular detection of vaccine and vvIBDV-like strains in Egyptian wild birds and highlighted the potential role of wild birds in IBDV epidemiology in disease-endemic regions.

最近，已经报道了几种禽病毒在驯养的家禽和野禽之间发生多次溢出事件。这种现象凸显了牲畜与野生动物之间的界面在新型病毒可能出现中的重要性。本研究的目的是调查野禽与家禽之间传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）的潜在溢出和流行病学联系。为此，从四种自由生活的埃及野生鸟类（即野鸭、,鹅，白额鹅和黑嘴喜collected）中收集了28个泄殖腔拭子。对三种阳性分离株的遗传和系统发育分析表明，IBDV / USC-1 / 2019株与先前报道的极强毒的IBDV（vvIBDV）埃及分离株聚集在一起。有趣的是，另外两个野生鸟类起源的分离株（即 IBDV / USC-2 / 2019和IBDV / USC-3 / 2019）与商业家禽中使用的疫苗株分组。总之，我们的结果揭示了埃及野禽中疫苗和vvIBDV样菌株的分子检测，并强调了野禽在疾病流行地区IBDV流行病学中的潜在作用。