This study describes the conversion processes of charge materials and the chemical processes in the charge and hearth zones of furnaces that smelt industrial silicon and high-silicon ferroalloys. The primary factor that determines the efficiency of the charge mode and the technological process is the coefficient of excess carbon in the furnace bath. The fluctuations in the effective capacity of the furnace; its distribution over the zones of the arc, charge, and melt; and the active resistances of these zones are caused by the regular deviations of this coefficient from unity. Such deviations are induced by uncontrolled changes in the humidity of the reducing agents. Carbon deficiency and excess modes affect the state of charge and melt zones and the distribution of electric energy on the arc discharge power. Transient processes that occur when the composition of the charge on the dosing unit is changed, as well as the direct supply of the reducing agent to the furnace mouth and reflecting changes in the charge zone conductivity, are studied. Results reveal that transient processes are accompanied by high material and energy losses and their duration, depending on the volume of the bath and the effective capacity of the furnace, can exceed 4 h. On the basis of the analysis of the changes in charge conductivity and arc power, the negative consequences of the layer-by-layer charge loading method adopted for smelting industrial silicon are presented; these consequences are based on the alternation of charge supply, with an excess and shortage of the reducing agent. In the absence of reliable methods for the continuous monitoring of the moisture content of reducing agents in the charge stream, the coefficient of carbon excess must be evaluated by changing the resistance of the melt zone, which reflects changes in the size of the carbide layer that is formed due to the imbalance of silicon carbide and silicon monoxide. Such evaluation can determine the degree of imbalance of the reducing agent in the mixture and apply the currently required control effect on the composition of the charging material in a timely manner.

中文翻译：

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工业硅及高硅铁合金冶炼炉工作区装料区和炉缸区工艺及分批配料方式控制问题

本研究描述了熔炼工业硅和高硅铁合金的炉料和炉床区炉料的转化过程和化学过程。决定装料方式和工艺流程效率的主要因素是炉槽中过量碳的系数。炉子有效容量的波动；它在电弧、装料和熔体区域的分布；并且这些区域的有源电阻是由该系数与统一性的规则偏差引起的。这种偏差是由还原剂的湿度不受控制的变化引起的。碳缺乏和过剩模式影响充电状态和熔化区以及电弧放电功率上的电能分布。研究了当计量装置上的炉料成分发生变化时发生的瞬态过程，以及还原剂直接供应到炉口和反映炉料区电导率变化的过程。结果表明，瞬态过程伴随着大量的材料和能量损失，其持续时间取决于熔池的体积和炉子的有效容量，可能超过 4 小时。在分析电荷电导率和电弧功率变化的基础上，提出了采用逐层电荷加载方法冶炼工业硅的负面影响；这些后果是基于电荷供应的交替，以及还原剂的过量和短缺。在没有可靠的方法来连续监测进料流中还原剂的水分含量的情况下，必须通过改变熔体区的电阻来评估碳过量系数，这反映了碳化物层尺寸的变化，是由于碳化硅和一氧化硅的不平衡而形成的。这种评估可以确定混合物中还原剂的不平衡程度，并及时对装料的组成施加当前所需的控制效果。