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Photothermal Porosity Estimation in CFRP by the Time-of-Flight of Virtual Waves
Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s10921-020-00722-0
Holger Plasser , Günther Mayr , Gregor Thummerer , Günther Hendorfer , Peter Burgholzer , Zoltán Major

Porosity is an unavoidable defect in carbon fiber reinforced polymers and has noticeable effects on mechanical properties since gas filled voids weaken the epoxy matrix. Pulsed thermography is advantageous because it is a non-contacting, non-destructive and fast photothermal testing method that allows the estimation of material parameters. Using the Virtual Wave Concept for thermography data, ultrasonic evaluation methods are applicable. In this work, the pulse-echo method for Time-of-Flight measurements is used, whereby the determined Time-of-Flight is directly related to the thermal diffusion time of the examined material. We introduce a signal-to-noise dependent approach, the optimum evaluation time, for evaluating only relevant time ranges which contain information of heat diffusion. After the validation of the method for heterogeneous materials, effective medium theories can be used for quantitative porosity estimation from the estimated diffusion time. This model-based approach for porosity estimation delivers more accurate results for transmission and reflection configuration measurements compared to thermographic state-of-the-art methods. The results are validated by X-ray computed tomography reference measurements on a wide range of different porous carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimens with different number of plies and varying porosity contents.

中文翻译:

通过虚拟波的飞行时间估计 CFRP 中的光热孔隙度

孔隙率是碳纤维增强聚合物中不可避免的缺陷,并且对机械性能有显着影响,因为充气空隙会削弱环氧树脂基体。脉冲热成像的优势在于它是一种非接触式、非破坏性和快速的光热测试方法,可以估算材料参数。对热成像数据使用虚拟波概念,超声波评估方法是适用的。在这项工作中,使用脉冲回波方法进行飞行时间测量,由此确定的飞行时间与被检查材料的热扩散时间直接相关。我们引入了一种信噪比相关的方法,即最佳评估时间,用于仅评估包含热扩散信息的相关时间范围。在对非均质材料的方法进行验证后,可以使用有效介质理论从估计的扩散时间来定量估计孔隙度。与最先进的热成像方法相比,这种基于模型的孔隙度估计方法可为透射和反射配置测量提供更准确的结果。结果通过对具有不同层数和不同孔隙率的各种不同多孔碳纤维增强塑料样品进行 X 射线计算机断层扫描参考测量来验证。与最先进的热成像方法相比,这种基于模型的孔隙度估计方法可为透射和反射配置测量提供更准确的结果。结果通过对具有不同层数和不同孔隙率的各种不同多孔碳纤维增强塑料样品进行 X 射线计算机断层扫描参考测量来验证。与最先进的热成像方法相比,这种基于模型的孔隙度估计方法可为透射和反射配置测量提供更准确的结果。结果通过对具有不同层数和不同孔隙率的各种不同多孔碳纤维增强塑料样品进行 X 射线计算机断层扫描参考测量来验证。
更新日期:2020-09-24
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