In this study, pyrolysis of agricultural residues, such as rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and sugarcane bagasse (SB), was performed in a fixed-bed reactor. The experiments were carried out at varying operating conditions, such as temperature, heating rate, biomass particle size and sweeping gas flow rate, such that the bio-oil yield could be maximized. Small particle size and high heating rate contributed to more bio-oil yield as compared to large particle size and low heating rate. Physicochemical properties of bio-oil samples, evaluated in a comparative manner with maximum focus devoted on analyzing the chemical constituents through GC–MS and FTIR analysis. Biochar was also examined through different physicochemical techniques (e.g., HHV, pH, SEM–EDX, FTIR, CHNS, ICP-AES) for understanding pyrolysis mechanism and its practical usability. Analysis of non-condensable gas through GC-TCD, revealed co-existence of H₂, CO, CO₂ and CH₄ molecules, with greater percentage of H₂ and CH₄ at high temperature resulted enhancement in calorific value.

在这项研究中，在固定床反应器中进行了农业残留物的热解，如稻草（RS），麦秸（WS）和甘蔗渣（SB）。实验是在不同的操作条件下进行的，例如温度，加热速率，生物质粒径和吹扫气体的流速，从而可以最大程度地提高生物油的产量。与大粒径和低加热速率相比，小粒径和高加热速率有助于更多的生物油产量。以比较的方式评估生物油样品的理化性质，最大程度地致力于通过GC-MS和FTIR分析来分析化学成分。还通过不同的理化技术（例如，HHV，pH，SEM-EDX，FTIR，CHNS，ICP-AES）检查了生物炭，以了解热解机理及其实际可用性。_{如图2所示}，在高温下具有较高百分比的H ₂和CH _4的CO，CO ₂和CH ₄分子导致了热值的增加。