We addressed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four commensal rodent species occurring in Myanmar in comparison with other areas of the Indo-Malayan region. We examined sequence variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) in the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), roof rat (Rattus rattus complex, RrC), lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis), and house mouse (Mus musculus) using the recently developed time-dependent evolutionary rates of mtDNA. The Cytb sequences of RrC from Myanmar were shown to belong to RrC Lineage II, and their level of genetic diversity was relatively high compared to those of the other three species. RrC was found to have experienced bottleneck and rapid expansion events at least twice in the late Pleistocene period in Myanmar and a nearby region. Accordingly, paleoclimatic environmental fluctuations were shown to be an important factor affecting rodents in the subtropics of the Indo-Malayan region. Our results show that human activities during the last 10,000 years of the Holocene period affected the population dynamics of the rodent species examined, including introducing them to Myanmar from neighboring countries. Further study of these four commensal rodents in other geographic areas of the Indo-Malayan region would allow us to better understand the factors that drove their evolution and their ecological trends.

中文翻译：

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晚第四纪环境和人类对缅甸四种共生啮齿动物线粒体 DNA 多样性的影响

与印度 - 马来亚地区的其他地区相比，我们解决了缅甸发生的四种共生啮齿动物物种的时空特征。我们研究了太平洋大鼠 (Rattus exulans)、屋顶大鼠 (Rattus rattus complex, RrC)、小袋狸鼠 (Bandicota bengalensis) 和家鼠 (Mus musculus) 中线粒体细胞色素 b 基因 (Cytb) 的序列变异。 mtDNA 的时间依赖性进化速率。来自缅甸的 RrC 的 Cytb 序列被证明属于 RrC Lineage II，与其他三个物种相比，它们的遗传多样性水平相对较高。发现 RrC 在更新世晚期缅甸和附近地区至少经历了两次瓶颈和快速扩张事件。因此，古气候环境波动被证明是影响印度-马来亚地区亚热带啮齿动物的重要因素。我们的研究结果表明，全新世最后一万年的人类活动影响了所研究的啮齿动物物种的种群动态，包括将它们从邻国引入缅甸。对印度-马来亚地区其他地理区域的这四种共生啮齿动物的进一步研究将使我们能够更好地了解推动它们进化及其生态趋势的因素。包括将他们从邻国介绍到缅甸。对印度-马来亚地区其他地理区域的这四种共生啮齿动物的进一步研究将使我们能够更好地了解推动它们进化及其生态趋势的因素。包括将他们从邻国介绍到缅甸。对印度-马来亚地区其他地理区域的这四种共生啮齿动物的进一步研究将使我们能够更好地了解推动它们进化及其生态趋势的因素。