Tactile reception in cyprinid fish (silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio and common carp Cyprinus carpio) was investigated by noninvasive recording of action potentials from the head skin in response to rhythmic tactile stimulation. Responses shaped as electric potentials following synchronously with changes in the pressure force on the skin were recorded using chloro-silver electrodes. It was shown that fish, like all terrestrial vertebrates, have phasic and tonic tactile receptors. Three main types of tactile responses were distinguished: (1) tonic responses as potential fluctuations repeating the dynamics of the tactile stimulus, (2) phasic responses as on-, off-, and on-off potentials, and (3) slow deflections from the resting potential. Compound responses comprising simultaneously different types of responses were also recorded. The response latency averaging 6.1 ms for tonic and 4.4 ms for phasic responses was clearly independent of the stimulus direction (switch-on, switch-off). The threshold level of tactile sensitivity in the perioral and gular head areas was 0.05–0.2 g/mm2. Tactile receptors on the silver crucian carp and common carp heads exhibited zonal distribution patterns, with sensory areas differing in their tactile sensitivity. Most sensitive areas were on the upper and lower lips, in the perilabial skin and the gular area on the ventral side of the head. Less sensitive areas were situated rostrally and ventrally to the eyeball. The areas situated dorsally and caudally to the eyeball proved to be insensitive to the applied tactile stimulation. In all sensory areas on the fish head, most intense responses were evoked by sliding tactile stimuli. The distribution specificity of tactile sensory areas meets their functional significance for fish feeding behavior.

中文翻译：

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鲤科鱼类（Cyprinidae）触觉敏感性的无创电生理研究

通过无创记录头部皮肤响应有节奏的触觉刺激的动作电位，研究了鲤科鱼类（银鲫 Carassius auratus gibelio 和鲤鱼 Cyprinus carpio）的触觉接收。使用氯银电极记录与皮肤压力变化同步的电位响应。结果表明，与所有陆生脊椎动物一样，鱼类具有相位和强直的触觉感受器。区分了三种主要类型的触觉反应：（1）作为重复触觉刺激动态的电位波动的强直反应，（2）作为开，关和开-关电位的相位反应，以及（3）来自休息的潜力。还记录了同时包含不同类型反应的复合反应。强直反应平均 6.1 毫秒和相位反应平均 4.4 毫秒的反应延迟显然与刺激方向（开启、关闭）无关。口周和喉头区域的触觉灵敏度阈值为 0.05–0.2 g/mm2。鲢鱼和鲤鱼头部的触觉感受器表现出带状分布模式，感觉区域的触觉敏感性不同。最敏感的区域在上唇和下唇、唇周皮肤和头部腹侧的唇部区域。较不敏感的区域位于眼球的头侧和腹侧。事实证明，位于眼球背侧和尾侧的区域对施加的触觉刺激不敏感。在鱼头的所有感觉区域中，最强烈的反应是由滑动的触觉刺激引起的。