Frogs and toads (Amphibia: Anura) display diverse ecologies and behaviours, which are often correlated with visual capacity in other vertebrates. Additionally, anurans exhibit a broad range of relative eye sizes, which have not previously been linked to ecological factors in this group. We measured relative investment in eye size and corneal size for 220 species of anurans representing all 55 currently recognized families and tested whether they were correlated with six natural history traits hypothesized to be associated with the evolution of eye size. Anuran eye size was significantly correlated with habitat, with notable decreases in eye investment among fossorial, subfossorial and aquatic species. Relative eye size was also associated with mating habitat and activity pattern. Compared to other vertebrates, anurans have relatively large eyes for their body size, indicating that vision is probably of high importance. Our study reveals the role that ecology and behaviour may have played in the evolution of anuran visual systems and highlights the usefulness of museum specimens, and importance of broad taxonomic sampling, for interpreting macroecological patterns.

中文翻译：

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青蛙和蟾蜍的眼睛大小和投资与成虫栖息地、活动模式和繁殖生态相关

青蛙和蟾蜍（两栖动物：Anura）表现出不同的生态和行为，这通常与其他脊椎动物的视觉能力相关。此外，无尾猿表现出广泛的相对眼睛大小，这以前与该组的生态因素无关。我们测量了代表所有 55 个目前公认的科的 220 种无尾猿的眼睛大小和角膜大小的相对投资，并测试它们是否与假设与眼睛大小演变相关的六个自然历史特征相关。Anuran 眼睛大小与栖息地显着相关，化石、亚化石和水生物种的眼睛投资显着减少。相对眼睛大小也与交配栖息地和活动模式有关。与其他脊椎动物相比，与体型相比，无尾猿的眼睛相对较大，这表明视觉可能非常重要。我们的研究揭示了生态学和行为可能在无尾目视觉系统的进化中发挥的作用，并强调了博物馆标本的有用性以及广泛的分类抽样对解释宏观生态模式的重要性。