BACKGROUND:Grapevine was one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) in eudicots and monocots show conservation in an acyl-CoA-binding domain (ACB domain) which binds acyl-CoA esters. OBJECTIVE:The information and data provided in the present study contributes to understand the evolutionary processes and potential functions of this gene family in grapevine growth and development, and responses to abiotic stress. METHODS:Using the complete grapevine genome sequences, we investigated the number grapevine ACBP genes, the exon-intron structure, phylogenetic relationships and synteny with the Arabidopsis ACBP gene family. Furthermore, the expression profiles of VvACBP genes based on public microarray data in different tissues, and the expression patterns responding to different exogenous hormones as well as abiotic and biotic stresses were presented. The qRT-PCR was used to verify the microarray data under drought stress treatments. Finally, the leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf chlorophyll content, and enzymatic activities were measured to further examine the tolerance to drought stress in grapevine. RESULTS:The six grapevine ACBPs were identified. Their distribution into various groups differed from Arabidopsis and rice. Synteny analysis demonstrated that several VvACBP genes were found in corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis, suggesting that these genes arose before the divergence of the respective lineages. Sequence alignment and structural annotation provided an overview of variations that might contribute to functional divergence from Arabidopsis ACBPs. Expressional analyses suggested that both conserved and variant biological functions exist in ACBPs across different species. The expression pattern of these genes were similar in the microarray and qRT-PCR analyses. Gene structure organization and expression characteristics of VvACBPs resembled those of their Arabidopsis orthologous, although species-specificdifferences also exist. Differential regulation of genes suggested functional diversification among isoforms. The biochemical and physiological data showed the tolerance to drought stress of grapevine. CONCLUSIONS:These findings provided insight into evolution of ACBP gene family in plants and a solid foundation for a deeper understanding of the complex molecular responses of grapevine to stress.

中文翻译：

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植物中酰基辅酶A结合蛋白基因家族的进化提供了对葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）潜在功能的见解

背景：葡萄藤是世界上最重要的多年生水果作物之一。双子叶植物和单子叶植物中的酰基辅酶A结合蛋白（ACBP）在结合酰基辅酶A酯的酰基辅酶A结合域（ACB域）中显示出保守性。目的：本研究提供的信息和数据有助于了解该基因家族在葡萄生长发育中的进化过程和潜在功能，以及对非生物胁迫的响应。方法：利用完整的葡萄基因组序列，我们研究了葡萄ACBP基因的数目，外显子-内含子的结构，与拟南芥ACBP基因家族的系统发育关系和同义性。此外，基于公开的微阵列数据，VvACBP基因在不同组织中的表达谱，并表达了响应不同外源激素以及非生物和生物胁迫的表达模式。使用qRT-PCR验证干旱胁迫处理下的微阵列数据。最后，测量了叶片的相对含水量（RWC），叶片的叶绿素含量和酶活性，以进一步检验葡萄对干旱胁迫的耐受性。结果：鉴定出六个葡萄ACBP。它们分布在不同的群体中，不同于拟南芥和水稻。同源性分析表明，在拟南芥的相应同源块中发现了几个VvACBP基因，表明这些基因在各个谱系的发散之前就出现了。序列比对和结构注释提供了可能导致与拟南芥ACBP功能差异的变异概述。表达分析表明，跨物种的ACBP中既存在保守的生物学功能，又存在变异的生物学功能。这些基因的表达模式在微阵列和qRT-PCR分析中相似。VvACBPs的基因结构组织和表达特性与它们的拟南芥直系同源，尽管也存在物种特异性差异。基因的差异调节表明同工型之间的功能多样化。生化和生理数据表明，葡萄具有抗旱性。结论：