Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell‐intrinsic and microenvironment‐influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression—for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.

中文翻译：

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体内营养代谢和癌症：一种给予和索取的代谢游戏。

营养素是不可或缺的资源，为维持细胞生长和存活提供大分子构建模块和能量需求。癌细胞在各个发育阶段需要几种关键营养素来满足其不断变化的代谢需求。此外，细胞内在因素和微环境影响因素决定了整个癌症进展过程中的营养依赖性，对此的全面表征仍然不完整。除了广泛研究的遗传改变驱动癌症代谢的作用之外，癌症组织中的营养利用可能受到以下几个因素的影响：（i）饮食，身体营养的主要来源，影响循环代谢水平；(ii) 起源组织，可以影响肿瘤对特定营养物质的依赖，以支持细胞代谢和生长；(iii) 局部微环境，它决定肿瘤细胞对营养物质的可及性；(iv) 肿瘤异质性，促进代谢可塑性和对营养需求的适应；(v) 功能需求，加强代谢重编程以促进入侵、生长或生存所需的表型变化。在这里，我们讨论这些因素在肿瘤发生和进展的各个步骤中对营养代谢和依赖性的影响。