Action selection (AS), or selection of an action from a set of alternatives, is an important movement preparation process that engages a frontal-parietal network. The addition of AS demands to arm training after stroke could be used to engage this motor planning process and the neural network that supports it. The purpose of this case series is to describe the feasibility and outcomes associated with task-oriented arm training aimed at engaging the AS behavioral process and the related neural network in three individuals with chronic stroke. Three participants with mild to moderate motor deficits completed 13 to 15 sessions of task-oriented arm training that included AS cues for each movement repetition; cues dictated movement direction, height, or distance. Before and after training, individuals completed an AS brain-behavior probe during functional MRI. AS behavioral performance improved after training (increased accuracy, decreased reaction time) in all participants while brain activation in the AS network (dorsal premotor, parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal cortices) decreased in two participants. Gains in motor function were also found in all three participants, especially on patient-reported measures of perceived difficulty and confidence to complete upper extremity functional tasks. It was feasible to target the AS behavioral process and the related neural network through the addition of AS demands to functional, task-oriented arm training in three individuals with mild to moderate motor dysfunction poststroke.

中文翻译：

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中风后面向任务的手臂训练中动作选择网络的有针对性的参与

动作选择 (AS)，或从一组备选方案中选择一个动作，是涉及额顶叶网络的重要运动准备过程。在中风后的手臂训练中增加 AS 要求可用于参与这种运动规划过程和支持它的神经网络。本案例系列的目的是描述与以任务为导向的手臂训练相关的可行性和结果，旨在让三名慢性中风患者参与 AS 行为过程和相关的神经网络。三名轻度至中度运动障碍的参与者完成了 13 至 15 次以任务为导向的手臂训练，其中包括每次运动重复的 AS 提示；线索决定了运动的方向、高度或距离。训练前后，个人在功能性 MRI 期间完成了 AS 脑行为探测。所有参与者的 AS 行为表现在训练后得到改善（准确性提高，反应时间减少），而两名参与者的 AS 网络（背前运动、顶叶、背外侧前额叶皮质）中的大脑激活减少。在所有三名参与者中也发现了运动功能的提高，特别是在患者报告的感知困难和完成上肢功能任务的信心方面。在三个患有轻度至中度运动功能障碍的中风后患者中，通过将 AS 需求添加到功能性、面向任务的手臂训练中来针对 AS 行为过程和相关的神经网络是可行的。所有参与者的反应时间减少），而两名参与者的 AS 网络（背前运动、顶叶、背外侧前额叶皮质）中的大脑激活减少。在所有三名参与者中也发现了运动功能的提高，特别是在患者报告的感知困难和完成上肢功能任务的信心方面。在三个患有轻度至中度运动功能障碍的中风后患者中，通过将 AS 需求添加到功能性、面向任务的手臂训练中来针对 AS 行为过程和相关的神经网络是可行的。所有参与者的反应时间减少），而两名参与者的 AS 网络（背前运动、顶叶、背外侧前额叶皮质）中的大脑激活减少。在所有三名参与者中也发现了运动功能的提高，特别是在患者报告的感知困难和完成上肢功能任务的信心方面。在三个患有轻度至中度运动功能障碍的中风后患者中，通过将 AS 需求添加到功能性、面向任务的手臂训练中来针对 AS 行为过程和相关的神经网络是可行的。特别是患者报告的感知困难和完成上肢功能任务的信心的措施。通过将 AS 需求添加到功能性、以任务为导向的手臂训练中，针对中风后轻度至中度运动功能障碍的三名个体的 AS 行为过程和相关神经网络是可行的。特别是患者报告的感知困难和完成上肢功能任务的信心的措施。通过将 AS 需求添加到功能性、以任务为导向的手臂训练中，针对中风后轻度至中度运动功能障碍的三名个体的 AS 行为过程和相关神经网络是可行的。