This review discusses recent advances and future research priorities in the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) field. While the community has witnessed tremendous advances through research conducted on two-dimensional (2D) TMD crystals, it is vital to seek new research opportunities beyond developed areas. To this end, in this review we focus principally on articulating areas of need in the preparation and analysis of TMD crystals encompassing dimensionalities and morphologies beyond 2D. Ultimately, the development of new synthetic methods to control key structural features of low-dimensional TMD crystals (e.g., dimensionality, morphology, and phase) will afford access to a broader range of breakthrough properties for this intriguing material class. We begin with a brief overview of the evolution of 2D TMD research, discussing both the synthetic methods that have enabled the preparation of these materials and the manifold properties they possess. We focus the bulk of our review on discussion of recent advances associated with 1D TMD crystals, which are often referred to as TMD nanoribbons, and include a discussion of recent efforts in 0D systems. We discuss synthetic strategies that have been developed to prepare such beyond 2D crystals and highlight their unique physical and chemical properties. After reviewing the host of analytical tools available for characterization of TMD materials, we identify future analytical instrumentation needs. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects of beyond 2D TMD crystals in optoelectronics, catalysis, and quantum information science.

中文翻译：

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超越2D的过渡金属双硫属化物研究的进展与展望。

这篇综述讨论了过渡金属二卤化钨（TMD）领域的最新进展和未来的研究重点。尽管社区已经通过对二维（2D）TMD晶体进行的研究见证了巨大的进步，但是在发达地区之外寻找新的研究机会至关重要。为此，在这篇综述中，我们主要集中于阐明TMD晶体的制备和分析中所需要的领域，其中涵盖了二维以外的尺寸和形态。最终，开发出新的合成方法来控制低维TMD晶体的关键结构特征（例如，尺寸，形态和相）将为这种引人入胜的材料类别提供更广泛的突破特性。我们首先简要概述2D TMD研究的发展，讨论使这些材料得以制备的合成方法及其所具有的多种特性。我们将大部分审查重点放在与一维TMD晶体（通常称为TMD纳米带）相关的最新进展的讨论上，并包括对0D系统近期工作的讨论。我们将讨论为制备此类2D晶体以外的晶体而开发的合成策略，并重点介绍其独特的物理和化学性质。在审查了可用于表征TMD材料的大量分析工具之后，我们确定了未来的分析仪器需求。