Pleistocene human remains are rare inland on the Iberian Peninsula. Most are considered Neandertals, but anthropological analyses and direct dating are rare. Recently, we published a study of a navicular from this region found in the Torrejones Cave. The results showed it differed from that of Neandertals and it was re-identified as Homo sapiens. Following the previous stratigraphic and biochronologic descriptions, we suggested that it could correspond to an Upper Paleolithic human, since the navicular was apparently recovered in the Late Pleistocene from an in situ unit. Direct radiocarbon dating from this fossil (4855–5036 cal BP), believed to be the only Paleolithic Homo sapiens from inland Iberia, as well as other hominin and faunal remains from the site, show that the human bones actually date to the Chalcolithic. The unexpectedly recent chronology for the navicular implies that there is no evidence of human fossils from the Upper Paleolithic in Torrejones Cave. Thus, any date from the Middle/Upper Paleolithic human record should be taken with caution until in-depth paleoanthropological, stratigraphical and/or direct dating studies are conducted. Extraordinary caution is recommended when human remains are recovered from apparently Paleolithic units in contexts bearing Holocene sepulchral units on the uppermost levels and/or some evidence of bioturbation.

中文翻译：

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来自 CUEVA DE LOS TORREJONES（瓜达拉哈拉，西班牙）的人类航海者的直接约会

更新世人类遗骸在伊比利亚半岛内陆是罕见的。大多数被认为是尼安德特人，但人类学分析和直接约会很少见。最近，我们发表了一项关于在托雷乔内斯洞穴中发现的该地区的船体的研究。结果表明它与尼安德特人不同，并被重新识别为智人. 根据之前的地层学和生物年代学描述，我们认为它可能对应于旧石器时代晚期人类，因为船舟显然是在晚更新世从一个原位单元。从这块化石（4855-5036 cal BP）中直接放射性碳测年，据信是唯一的旧石器时代智人来自内陆伊比利亚，以及该遗址的其他古人类和动物遗骸，表明人类骨骼实际上可以追溯到铜石时代。出乎意料的最近的舟状体年表意味着没有证据表明托雷琼斯洞穴中旧石器时代晚期的人类化石。因此，在进行深入的古人类学、地层学和/或直接测年研究之前，应谨慎选择中/旧石器时代晚期人类记录中的任何日期。当从明显旧石器时代的单位中发现人类遗骸时，建议格外小心，因为在最上层带有全新世坟墓单位和/或一些生物扰动证据的情况下。