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Parallel responses of species diversity and functional diversity to changes in patch size are driven by distinct processes
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13506 Leila Z. Forsyth 1 , Benjamin Gilbert 1
中文翻译：
物种多样性和功能多样性对斑块大小变化的并行响应是由不同的过程驱动的
更新日期：2020-09-23
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13506 Leila Z. Forsyth 1 , Benjamin Gilbert 1
Affiliation
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- Do species and functional trait diversity respond similarly to deterministic and random processes? Theory predicts that the contributions of random and deterministic processes to species diversity depend on patch size. Smaller patches are more strongly influenced by random sampling effects, by having fewer individuals, as well as ecological drift, which propagates the effects of small samples through stochastic birth and death processes. These random processes decrease species richness and increase compositional differences among small patches. Larger patches are predicted to be more deterministically assembled, with greater species richness and greater predictability of composition for a particular environment. The consequences of patch size for the diversity of functional traits, however, are poorly understood. Species diversity may be a poor proxy for functional diversity due to trait redundancies among species, making it unclear how random and deterministic processes alter functional diversity within patches of differing size, and how these differences scale up to determine among‐patch functional diversity.
- We report a novel experimental study of species and functional diversity across spatial scales. We manipulated patch area in an experimental plant metacommunity and used a nested sampling design to distinguish the effects of deterministic processes, ecological drift and sampling effects on species and functional trait diversity.
- Our study revealed a pervasive influence of ecological drift and sampling effects on diversity, with distinct influences on functional traits and species composition within and among patches. Overall, drift and sampling effects caused a two‐ to threefold decrease in the importance of deterministic processes in small fragments. Species and functional diversity showed similar patterns with patch size; larger patches had greater within‐patch (alpha) diversity and lower among‐patch (beta) diversity, consistent with theory. However, our nested sampling design revealed that sampling effects (i.e. the size of the sample area) largely determined alpha species diversity and beta functional diversity, while ecological drift had a stronger influence on alpha functional diversity and beta species diversity.
- Synthesis. The compositions of species and functional diversity in a community are influenced by distinct processes, resulting in divergent spatial scaling of species and their traits within patches and across landscapes.
中文翻译：
物种多样性和功能多样性对斑块大小变化的并行响应是由不同的过程驱动的
- 物种和功能性状多样性是否对确定性过程和随机过程有类似反应？理论预测，随机和确定性过程对物种多样性的贡献取决于斑块大小。较小的斑块受到随机采样效应，个体较少以及生态漂移的影响更大，生态漂移会通过随机的出生和死亡过程传播小样本的效应。这些随机过程降低了物种丰富度并增加了小斑块之间的成分差异。更大的斑块预计将更加确定性地组装在一起，具有更大的物种丰富度，并且对于特定环境的组成具有更大的可预测性。然而，人们对斑块大小对功能性状多样性的后果了解甚少。
- 我们报告了跨空间尺度的物种和功能多样性的新型实验研究。我们在一个实验性植物群落中处理了斑块区，并使用了嵌套采样设计来区分确定性过程，生态漂移和采样对物种和功能性状多样性的影响。
- 我们的研究揭示了生态漂移和采样效应对多样性的普遍影响，对斑块内部和斑块之间的功能性状和物种组成具有明显的影响。总体而言，漂移和采样效应导致小片段中确定性过程的重要性降低了两到三倍。物种和功能多样性表现出相似的斑块大小模式。与理论一致，较大的补丁具有更大的补丁内部（alpha）多样性和更低的补丁之间（beta）多样性。但是，我们的嵌套抽样设计表明，抽样效果（即样本区域的大小）在很大程度上决定了α物种多样性和β功能多样性，而生态漂移对α功能多样性和β物种多样性的影响更大。
- 综合。群落中物种的组成和功能多样性受不同过程的影响，从而导致斑块内以及整个景观中物种及其性状的空间尺度不同。
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