Environmental filtering and spatial processes have been associated with variation in ecological communities and biodiversity; however, their relative importance on multiple dimensions of beta diversity has not been fully explored in montane streams. Here, we examined the relative contribution of local, catchment and climate environmental variables and spatial factors to variation in three dimensions of macroinvertebrate beta diversity in the upper Han River Basin. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversities and their respective turnover and nestedness components were calculated for macroinvertebrate assemblages sampled in a total of 130 stream sites across a large mountainous landscape. We investigated the correlations between beta diversity facets using MSR‐Mantel procedure and then examined the relative influence of each set of ecological factors through redundancy analysis and variance partitioning. Our results revealed relatively low spatial congruence among beta diversity dimensions, indicating these diversity dimensions are independent measures which offer complementary information of community assembly. Beta diversity dimensions and components were best explained by spatial and local environmental factors, whereas the large‐scale catchment and climate factors appeared less influential. Moreover, spatial and environmental factors generally exerted different controls on beta diversity depending on the dimensions under consideration. Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversities were more strongly determined by spatial factors via dispersal limitation, while functional beta diversity was mainly associated to local environments through habitat filtering. Our results challenge the perspective that using one diversity facet as a surrogate for others is enough, and highlight the need to integrate multiple diversity dimensions in metacommunity and biodiversity research.

中文翻译：

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大型山地景观中流宏观无脊椎动物β多样性的多维驱动因素

环境过滤和空间过程与生态群落和生物多样性的变化有关；但是，它们在β多样性的多个维度上的相对重要性尚未在山区河流中得到充分探讨。在这里，我们研究了汉江流域上游地区，集水区和气候环境变量以及空间因素对大型无脊椎动物β多样性三个维度变化的相对贡献。计算了在整个大型山区景观中总共130个溪流地点采样的大型无脊椎动物组合的分类学，功能和系统发育β多样性及其各自的周转率和嵌套度组成部分。我们使用MSR-Mantel方法研究了β多样性方面之间的相关性，然后通过冗余分析和方差划分研究了每组生态因子的相对影响。我们的结果表明，β多样性维度之间的空间一致性较低，表明这些多样性维度是独立的措施，可提供社区聚集的补充信息。Beta多样性的维度和组成最好用空间和局部环境因素来解释，而大型集水区和气候因素似乎影响较小。此外，取决于所考虑的维度，空间和环境因素通常会对β多样性施加不同的控制。分类学和系统发育β多样性更受空间因素通过扩散限制决定，而功能性β多样性主要通过栖息地过滤与当地环境相关。我们的结果对以下观点提出了挑战：使用一个多样性方面作为其他方面的替代就足够了，并强调需要在元社区和生物多样性研究中整合多个多样性维度。