Stroke severely impairs quality of life and has a high mortality rate. On the other hand, dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents neuronal damage. In this review, we describe the effects of dietary DHA on ischemic stroke‐associated neuronal damage and its role in stroke prevention. Recent epidemiological studies have been conducted to analyze stroke prevention through DHA intake. The effects of dietary intake and supply of DHA to neuronal cells, DHA‐mediated inhibition of neuronal damage, and its mechanism, including the effects of the DHA metabolite, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), were investigated. These studies revealed that DHA intake was associated with a reduced risk of stroke. Moreover, studies have shown that DHA intake may reduce stroke mortality rates. DHA, which is abundant in fish oil, passes through the blood–brain barrier to accumulate as a constituent of phospholipids in the cell membranes of neuronal cells and astrocytes. Astrocytes supply DHA to neuronal cells, and neuronal DHA, in turn, activates Akt and Raf‐1 to prevent neuronal death or damage. Therefore, DHA indirectly prevents neuronal damage. Furthermore, NDP1 blocks neuronal apoptosis. DHA, together with NPD1, may block neuronal damage and prevent stroke. The inhibitory effect on neuronal damage is achieved through the antioxidant (via inducing the Nrf2/HO‐1 system) and anti‐inflammatory effects (via promoting JNK/AP‐1 signaling) of DHA.

中文翻译：

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膳食二十二碳六烯酸可抑制神经变性并预防中风。

中风严重影响生活质量，死亡率高。另一方面，膳食二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 可防止神经元损伤。在这篇综述中，我们描述了膳食 DHA 对缺血性中风相关神经元损伤的影响及其在预防中风中的作用。最近进行了流行病学研究，以分析通过摄入 DHA 预防中风。研究了膳食摄入和 DHA 供应对神经元细胞的影响、DHA 介导的神经元损伤抑制及其机制，包括 DHA 代谢物、神经保护素 D1 (NPD1) 的影响。这些研究表明，摄入 DHA 与中风风险降低有关。此外，研究表明，摄入 DHA 可以降低中风死亡率。富含鱼油的 DHA，穿过血脑屏障，在神经元细胞和星形胶质细胞的细胞膜中作为磷脂的成分积累。星形胶质细胞为神经元细胞提供 DHA，而神经元 DHA 反过来激活 Akt 和 Raf-1 以防止神经元死亡或损伤。因此，DHA 间接地防止了神经元损伤。此外，NDP1 阻断神经元凋亡。DHA 与 NPD1 一起可阻断神经元损伤并预防中风。对神经元损伤的抑制作用是通过 DHA 的抗氧化作用（通过诱导 Nrf2/HO-1 系统）和抗炎作用（通过促进 JNK/AP-1 信号传导）来实现的。DHA 间接防止神经元损伤。此外，NDP1 阻断神经元凋亡。DHA 与 NPD1 一起可阻断神经元损伤并预防中风。对神经元损伤的抑制作用是通过 DHA 的抗氧化作用（通过诱导 Nrf2/HO-1 系统）和抗炎作用（通过促进 JNK/AP-1 信号传导）来实现的。DHA 间接防止神经元损伤。此外，NDP1 阻断神经元凋亡。DHA 与 NPD1 一起可阻断神经元损伤并预防中风。对神经元损伤的抑制作用是通过 DHA 的抗氧化作用（通过诱导 Nrf2/HO-1 系统）和抗炎作用（通过促进 JNK/AP-1 信号传导）来实现的。