A novel powder metallurgical fabrication technology for the development of springs based on metastable austenitic steel and magnesia partially stabilized zirconia is introduced. The developed gel casting technique uses the gelation of alginates in contact with bivalent ions and allows the variation of fabrication parameter such as composition of the starting slurry, wire thickness, coil number, and distance between the single coils. The starting slurry contains 16‐7‐3 (Cr–Mn–Ni) steel and zirconia powders as well as sodium alginate and is subsequently injected into a hardener solution to form rubbery strands that are subsequently coiled around a mandrel to form a spring element. Afterward a two‐stage thermal process is performed. The sintered spring elements are characterized by a homogeneous microstructure, and the formation of manganese silicate is registered. In comparison to commercially available coil springs, the developed spring elements show similar deformation behavior up to a deformation of 50%. The composition which contains 10 vol% zirconia and 90 vol% steel particles shows an improved energy absorption capability with 0.19 kJ kg⁻¹ compared with commercially available springs with 0.11 kJ kg⁻¹, and therefore offers the potential for further investigations in the planned application in the area of crash absorbing structures.

中文翻译：

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基于氧化锆和TRIP钢的MMC压力弹簧的粉末冶金加工

介绍了一种基于亚稳态奥氏体钢和氧化镁部分稳定的氧化锆的新型粉末冶金制造技术。发达的凝胶浇铸技术利用藻酸盐与二价离子接触的凝胶化技术，并允许改变制造参数，例如起始浆料的成分，焊丝厚度，线圈数量以及单个线圈之间的距离。初始浆料包含16-7-3（Cr-Mn-Ni）钢和氧化锆粉末以及海藻酸钠，随后被注入硬化剂溶液中以形成橡胶束，随后被缠绕在心轴上以形成弹簧元件。然后执行两阶段热处理。烧结弹簧元件的特征是具有均匀的微观结构，并记录了硅酸锰的形成。与市售的螺旋弹簧相比，已开发的弹簧元件在达到50％的变形时显示出相似的变形行为。包含10％（体积）的氧化锆和90％（体积）的钢颗粒的组合物在0.19kJ kg的条件下表现出改进的能量吸收能力^-1与0.11 kJ kg ^-1的市售弹簧相比，因此为碰撞吸收结构领域的计划应用提供了进一步研究的潜力。