Abstract Cerro Tujle is an isolated Quaternary maar located 21 km south-east of the Salar de Atacama basin. It is situated at 3,554 m a.s.l., on the top of the Cordon de Tujle ridge forming a north-south striking morphological element in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, in northern Chile. The material erupted at Cerro Tujle lies over the Tucucaro Ignimbrite (3.2 ± 0.3 Ma), covering the whole area. The origin of the magma source, as well as the evolution and control of the volcanic eruptive styles, were determined by fieldwork, stratigraphic, morphometric, textural (density and vesicularity), petrographic, and geochemical analyses. The Cerro Tujle maar features an elliptical crater (333 × 279 m wide in east-west and north-south directions, respectively) surrounded by lava flow and tephra deposits. The total Dense Rock Equivalent volume of the products was calculated in 1.53 × 105 m3, and mainly correspond to andesites (58.62–59.80 wt% of SiO2). The lava flow can be categorized in at least two types: i) brown-red and green-to-gray andesites located on the north-northwestern flank of the crater, and ii) black andesites with felsic rock clasts distributed around the crater underlying the other lavas. In contrast, the pyroclastic deposit displays breccias of juvenile pyroclasts with xenoliths of rhyolitic composition. These felsic clasts suggest magma assimilation with a shallow magma reservoir during a relatively fast ascent of the magma. This is evidenced by disequilibrium textures in mineral levels, such as reaction rim, and skeletal and sieve textures of the phenocrysts. The field evidence and results of the different analyses suggest a change in the eruptive style from effusive to explosive. This transition is associated with a decrease of the magma flux and a withdrawal of magma below the groundwater table, which has produced a phreatomagmatic eruption by magma-water interaction.

中文翻译：

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从小体积的短暂熔岩排放到爆炸性水火山活动的转变：以智利北部的 Cerro Tujle maar 为例

摘要 Cerro Tujle 是一个孤立的第四纪马尔，位于阿塔卡马盐沼盆地东南 21 公里处。它位于海拔 3,554 米处，位于智利北部安第斯山脉中央火山带的 Cordon de Tujle 山脊顶部，形成了一个南北向的显着形态元素。在 Cerro Tujle 喷发的物质位于 Tucucaro Ignimbrite (3.2 ± 0.3 Ma) 之上，覆盖了整个区域。岩浆源的起源，以及火山喷发方式的演化和控制，是通过野外工作、地层学、形态测量学、质地（密度和水泡性）、岩相学和地球化学分析确定的。Cerro Tujle maar 有一个椭圆形的火山口（东西和南北方向分别宽 333 × 279 m），周围环绕着熔岩流和火山灰沉积物。产品的总致密岩石当量体积计算为 1.53 × 105 m3，主要对应于安山岩（SiO2 的 58.62–59.80 wt%）。熔岩流至少可以分为两种类型：i) 位于火山口西北侧的棕红色和绿色到灰色的安山岩，以及 ii) 黑色安山岩，在火山口下方的火山口周围分布着长英质碎屑其他熔岩。相比之下，火山碎屑沉积物显示具有流纹岩成分的捕虏体的幼年火山碎屑角砾岩。这些长英质碎屑表明岩浆在相对较快的上升过程中与浅层岩浆库发生了同化作用。矿物水平的不平衡纹理证明了这一点，例如反应边缘，以及斑晶的骨架和筛结构。不同分析的现场证据和结果表明，喷发方式发生了从喷发式到爆发式的变化。这种转变与岩浆通量的减少和地下水位以下的岩浆撤出有关，这通过岩浆-水相互作用产生了岩浆喷发。