Profiting from intriguing structures and electronic properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials garner increasing attention in energy fields, electrocatalysis in particular. Ultrathin 2D materials possess considerable specific surface area and abundant active sites and are strong candidates for high-activity catalysts. Traditional three-electrode systems reflect the average electrocatalytic properties of multiple samples. As such, it is difficult to accurately understand the electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms and further optimize the electrocatalytic properties of 2D materials. Therefore, establishing microcells to explore the electrocatalytic performance in the microregion is of great practical significance. In this review, recent progress in electrocatalysis in 2D materials explored with microcells is highlighted. This includes the unveiling of active sites and the control of interface behaviors. Two archetypal types of electrocatalytic microcells are discussed, on-chip microcell and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) microcell. Finally, open challenges for the field are discussed.

二维（2D）材料得益于其引人入胜的结构和电子特性，在能源领域，尤其是电催化领域越来越受到关注。超薄2D材料具有相当大的比表面积和丰富的活性位点，是高活性催化剂的强力候选者。传统的三电极系统反映了多个样品的平均电催化性能。因此，难以准确地理解电催化反应机理并进一步优化2D材料的电催化性能。因此，建立微电池以探索微区的电催化性能具有重要的现实意义。在这篇综述中，着重介绍了用微孔探索的二维材料在电催化方面的最新进展。这包括活动站点的公开以及界面行为的控制。讨论了两种原型类型的电催化微电池，片上微电池和扫描电化学电池显微镜（SECCM）微电池。最后，讨论了该领域的公开挑战。