Abstract

Area photodetector devices (image sensors) are the main imaging element of digital X-ray systems used in medicine today. Since the cost of a medical diagnostics error is very high, the requirements imposed on the image sensor are very strict. We consider a sequence of procedures for the development of an area image sensor for biomedical X-ray investigations, which must reliably distinguish low-contrast details down to 80–100 µm. The development is aimed, in particular, at combining different parameters for different tasks, which require either a high frame rate at a low digit capacity or a wide dynamic range in the slow image sensing mode. The most important parameters of an image sensor are the fill factor of an optical pixel (photosensitive cell) and the quantum efficiency. The pixel layout and topology are proposed and a solution of merging the four neighboring photocells in a separate functional group (superpixel) with a large sensitive area and a potential well is found. The calculation and simulation allow us to develop specific recommendations and requirements on the photodetector for the developed X-ray sensitive panel, and determine the frame and bit rate ranges in the transmission lines.

中文翻译：

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用于X射线探测器的区域图像传感器像素的开发

摘要

区域光电探测器设备（图像传感器）是当今医学中使用的数字X射线系统的主要成像元件。由于医疗诊断错误的成本非常高，因此对图像传感器的要求非常严格。我们考虑了开发用于生物医学X射线研究的区域图像传感器的一系列程序，这些程序必须可靠地区分低至80–100 µm的低对比度细节。该开发尤其旨在针对不同的任务组合不同的参数，这些参数需要低数字容量下的高帧速率或慢速图像感测模式下的宽动态范围。图像传感器的最重要参数是光学像素（光敏单元）的填充系数和量子效率。提出了像素布局和拓扑结构，并找到了将四个相邻光电管合并为一个具有大敏感面积和势阱的独立功能组（超像素）的解决方案。通过计算和仿真，我们可以针对已开发的X射线敏感面板在光电探测器上提出特定的建议和要求，并确定传输线中的帧速率和比特率范围。