Genetic diversity in marginal populations of woody plants has been studied using the example of Calabrian pine Pinus brutia Ten. in the eastern Black Sea Region, i.e., at the northeastern limit of the species range. The variability of the microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA (cpSSR) has been analyzed in six relict populations from the Crimea and the Caucasus, followed by their comparison with a P. brutia sample from the central part of the range (Turkey) and with other pine species growing in this region, Scots pine P. sylvestris L. and European black pine P. nigra Arn. (in three populations each). The average level of intrapopulation polymorphism (H = 0.3657) has proved to be significantly lower in the Crimean–Caucasian populations of P. brutia than in the population sample from the main part of their range in Turkey (H = 0.8857) and the Black Sea populations of P. sylvestris and P. nigra (average H = 0.9580 and 0.9574, respectively). A high level of genetic differentiation of P. brutia populations in the Black Sea Region has been revealed (RST = 9.81%). The clustering of populations by cpSSR markers is not related to their geographic location, and the Crimean populations do not differ from the Caucasian ones at the taxonomic level. It is likely that the subdivision of P. brutia populations by the haplotype composition and the differences in the level of intrapopulation variability (with H ranging from 0 to 0.6090) are due to the small size and isolation of northern Calabrian pine populations. For the first time, significant differentiation has been revealed between two unique habitats of P. brutia in the Crimea, which is expressed in the specific composition of cpSSR haplotypes. The observed differences at the four cpSSR loci between the three studied pine species are suitable for species identification.

中文翻译：

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黑松十边际孑遗种群的低变异和高分化。在克里米亚-高加索地区

已经使用卡拉布里亚松 Pinus brutia 10 的例子研究了木本植物边缘种群的遗传多样性。在黑海东部地区，即物种分布范围的东北部。对来自克里米亚和高加索的六个遗迹种群的叶绿体 DNA (cpSSR) 微卫星位点的变异性进行了分析，然后将它们与来自该范围中部（土耳其）和其他松树的 P. brutia 样本进行了比较生长在该地区的物种包括苏格兰松 P. sylvestris L. 和欧洲黑松 P. nigra Arn。（每三个种群）。已证明，在克里米亚-高加索 P. brutia 种群中，种群内多态性的平均水平（H = 0.3657）明显低于土耳其主要分布区的种群样本（H = 0. 8857) 和 P. sylvestris 和 P. nigra 的黑海种群（平均 H = 0.9580 和 0.9574，分别）。已经揭示了黑海地区 P. brutia 种群的高水平遗传分化（RST = 9.81%）。cpSSR 标记对种群的聚类与其地理位置无关，克里米亚种群在分类水平上与高加索种群没有区别。P. brutia 种群按单倍型组成的细分和种群内变异水平的差异（H 范围从 0 到 0.6090）很可能是由于北卡拉布里亚松种群的小规模和隔离。首次发现克里米亚 P. brutia 的两个独特栖息地之间存在显着差异，这在 cpSSR 单倍型的特定组成中表达。在三个研究的松树物种之间在四个 cpSSR 基因座上观察到的差异适用于物种鉴定。