Abstract Changes in the composition and structure of epiphytic lichen communities have been analyzed over 5 years (2014–2018) after significant reduction of emissions from the Middle Ural Copper Smelter on the basis of annual observations in 22 permanent sampling plots established in spruce–fir forests of the Middle Urals. Despite the almost complete cessation of toxicant input from the atmosphere, increased Cu concentrations in the fir bark and higher bark acidity persist in the vicinity of the smelter. The number of lichen species in the heavily polluted zone rapidly increases (by 1–2 species per year) primarily on account of species with a high colonization potential that are abundant in adjacent biotopes or on other substrates in heavily polluted areas. The level of their toxitolerance is not the critical factor: both tolerant and moderately and highly sensitive species colonize tree trunks. The current community structure in the polluted zone is basically different from that in the background area: explerent species Hypocenomyce caradocensis dominates, while species typical for background spruce–fir forests are rare or absent.

中文翻译：

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某铜冶炼厂减排初期附生地衣群落动态

摘要 根据在云杉-冷杉林中建立的 22 个永久采样区的年度观测结果，在显着减少中乌拉尔铜冶炼厂排放后 5 年（2014-2018 年）内附生地衣群落的组成和结构变化中乌拉尔地区。尽管几乎完全停止了从大气中输入的有毒物质，但在冶炼厂附近，冷杉树皮中铜浓度的增加和树皮酸度的增加仍然存在。重度污染区的地衣物种数量迅速增加（每年增加 1-2 个物种），这主要是因为在邻近的生物群落或重度污染地区的其他基质中具有高定殖潜力的物种。它们的抗毒水平不是关键因素：耐受性和中度和高度敏感的物种都在树干上定居。目前污染区的群落结构与背景区基本不同：典型物种 Hypocenomyce caradocensis 占主导地位，而背景云杉-冷杉林的典型物种很少或不存在。