Introduction

The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is aetiologically linked to myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) besides other less incident pathologies, while the type 2 has not been definitively linked to any diseases.

Objectives

To determine the HTLV-1/2 seroprevalence in two Brazilian communities in northern Brazil.

Methods

In 2010 and 2015, HTLV-1/2 serological surveys were carried out in the Oiapoque county at the Brazilian border with French Guiana and in Santa Cruz do Arari, Marajó Island. Serum and breast-milk samples from 317 women (pregnant, lactating and non-pregnant non-lactating) resident in the Oiapoque county, together with serum samples from 217 females and 70 males living in Santa Cruz do Arari county, were twice screened by two distinct commercial immunoassay methods for antibodies to HTLV-1/2. Seroreactivity was confirmed by a commercial Western blot technique. Participants were interviewed for data concerning their health, socioeconomic and educational status.

Results

None of the Oiapoque women, mostly young and descendants of migrants, had antibodies to HTLV-1/2, despite the high HTLV-1 prevalence in neighbouring French Guiana and Caribbean Islands, while five females and three males living in Santa Cruz do Arari county were HTLV-1 infected as confirmed by Western blot testing. In contrast, the Santa Cruz do Arari community lives in relative isolation and is descended mostly from black African people with high consanguinity.

Conclusion

Despite the proximity between Oiapoque and Santa Cruz do Arari counties, ethnic, age differences, community isolation and consanguinity may explain the distinct HTLV-1/2 epidemiology in these areas of northern Brazil.

中文翻译：

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HTLV-1 / 2在两个亚马逊社区的患病率

介绍

人类T细胞淋巴嗜性病毒1型（HTLV-1）在病因学上与脊髓灰质炎/热带痉挛性轻瘫（HAM / TSP）和成人T细胞白血病（ATL）具有其他发病率较低的病因，而2型尚未明确与任何疾病有关。

目标

为了确定巴西北部两个巴西社区的HTLV-1 / 2血清阳性率。

方法

在2010年和2015年，在与法属圭亚那接壤的巴西奥亚波克县和马拉若岛的圣克鲁斯·杜阿拉里进行了HTLV-1 / 2血清学调查。分别对居住在奥亚波克县的317名妇女（怀孕，哺乳期和非怀孕非哺乳期）的血清和母乳样本以及居住在圣克鲁斯杜阿拉里县的217名女性和70名男性的血清样本进行了两次筛选HTLV-1 / 2抗体的不同商业免疫测定方法。通过商业蛋白质印迹技术证实了血清反应性。对参与者进行了采访，以获取有关他们的健康，社会经济和教育状况的数据。

结果

尽管邻国法属圭亚那和加勒比海群岛的HTLV-1患病率很高，但Oiapoque妇女（主要是年轻人和移民的后代）都没有HTLV-1 / 2抗体，而住在圣克鲁斯杜阿拉里县的5名女性和3名男性Western blot检测证实HTLV-1感染。相反，Santa Cruz do Arari社区生活在相对孤立的环境中，主要来自血缘高度集中的黑人非洲人。

结论

尽管Oiapoque县和圣克鲁斯杜阿拉里县毗邻，但种族，年龄差异，社区隔离和血缘关系可能解释了巴西北部这些地区独特的HTLV-1 / 2流行病学。