This article presents a software protection technique against radiation-induced faults which is based on a multi-threaded strategy. Data triplication and instructions flow duplication or triplication techniques are used to improve system reliability and thus, ensure a correct system operation. To achieve this objective, a relaxed lockstep model to synchronize the execution of both, redundant threads and variables under protection on different processing units is defined. The evaluation was performed by means of simulated fault injection campaigns in a multi-core ARM system. Results show that despite being considered techniques that imply an evident overhead in memory and instructions ( Duplication With Comparison and Re-Execution – DWC-R and Triple Modular Redundancy – TMR), spreading the replicas in different instruction flows not only produce similar results than classic techniques, but also improves the computational and recovery time in presence of soft-errors. In addition, this paper highlights the importance of protecting memory-allocated data, since the instruction flow triplication is not enough to improve the overall system reliability.

中文翻译：

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裸机嵌入式系统中辐射引起的软错误的多线程缓解

本文介绍了一种基于多线程策略的针对辐射引起的故障的软件保护技术。数据三重和指令流复制或三重技术用于提高系统可靠性，从而确保系统正确运行。为了实现这一目标，定义了一个宽松的锁步模型，以同步不同处理单元上受保护的冗余线程和变量的执行。评估是通过在多核 ARM 系统中模拟故障注入活动进行的。结果表明，尽管被认为意味着内存和指令明显开销的技术（具有比较和重新执行的复制 - DWC-R 和三重模块化冗余 - TMR），将副本分布在不同的指令流中不仅产生与经典技术相似的结果，而且在存在软错误的情况下提高了计算和恢复时间。此外，本文强调了保护内存分配数据的重要性，因为三重指令流不足以提高整个系统的可靠性。