During urgent archaeological excavations in the city of Plovdiv (South Bulgaria), a Roman pottery workshop was found, including several dome kilns, ceramic sherds, and a large clay deposit incorporating yellow and gray clay layers. A set of the ceramic specimens (kitchenwares and tablewares) and raw clay samples were investigated using a portable device for X‐ray fluorescence and laboratory equipment for magnetic measurements, aiming to provide specific information about the origin and firing technology of the pottery. Despite significant difference in calcium content between local raw clay and pottery samples, we conclude that local natural clay sources were used and the initial stages of production involved clay purification, although we cannot rule out the procurement of more distant clay sources. Magnetic susceptibility testing allowed for determination of the maximum firing temperatures, showing that the pottery were fired predominantly at 780°C, with some samples being fired at temperatures up to 860°C. Magnetic analyses show that kitchenwares were fired under more uniform conditions than the tablewares, which undoubtedly reflected in the quality of the vessels produced.

中文翻译：

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罗马陶瓷的黏土来源和烧成温度：以保加利亚普罗夫迪夫为例

在普罗夫迪夫市（南保加利亚）的紧急考古发掘过程中，发现了一个罗马陶器作坊，其中包括几个圆顶窑，陶瓷棚架和一个带有黄色和灰色粘土层的大型粘土矿床。使用便携式X射线荧光设备和用于磁测量的实验室设备研究了一组陶瓷标本（厨房用具和餐具）和生黏土样品，旨在提供有关陶器的起源和烧制技术的特定信息。尽管当地的原始粘土和陶器样品之间的钙含量存在显着差异，但我们得出的结论是，使用了当地的天然粘土资源，并且生产的初始阶段涉及粘土的净化，尽管我们不能排除采购更远的粘土资源的可能性。磁化率测试可以确定最高烧成温度，表明陶器主要在780°C下烧成，有些样品在860°C以下的温度下烧成。磁性分析表明，厨具在比餐具更均匀的条件下烧制，这无疑反映在生产容器的质量上。