Prosociality and morality are critical to the functioning and flourishing of society. There is, however, great variation in the degree to which individuals help or hinder one another, or adhere to ethical standards of “rightness.” One way to understand this variation is by drawing on theories and models within personality psychology, which may illuminate the basic individual characteristics that drive a wide range of other‐regarding tendencies. In this review, we provide a snapshot of three research strands addressing these themes. The first concerns how personality traits map onto prosocial preferences for fairness and cooperation, as studied using classic social decision‐making tasks called economic games. The second concerns the robust associations between personality traits and indicators of inter‐group prejudice (e.g., authoritarian ideology). The third concerns the emerging concept of moral exceptionality, and the personality traits that may characterise individuals at the forefront of moral progress. These examples demonstrate the core role that personality psychology is playing in the study of prosocial and moral behaviour, as well as the critical mass emerging in the Australian context around these themes.

中文翻译：

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从人格心理学的角度看社会道德

富裕和道德对于社会的运转和繁荣至关重要。但是，个人互相帮助或阻碍或遵守“权利”的道德标准的程度差异很大。理解这种变化的一种方法是利用人格心理学中的理论和模型，这些理论和模型可以阐明驱动各种其他倾向的基本个人特征。在这篇评论中，我们提供了针对这些主题的三个研究链的快照。第一个问题涉及人格特质如何映射到亲社会对公平与合作的偏好上，这是使用经典的社会决策任务（称为经济博弈）进行研究的。第二个问题涉及人格特质与群体间偏见指标（例如，威权主义意识形态）之间的牢固关联。第三个问题涉及道德例外的新概念，以及可能在道德进步的最前线体现个人特征的人格特质。这些例子说明了人格心理学在亲社会和道德行为的研究中发挥的核心作用，以及围绕这些主题在澳大利亚背景下涌现的批判性心理学。