European climate is heavily influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). However, the spatial structure of the NAO is varying with time, affecting its regional importance. By analyzing an 850-year global climate model simulation of the last millennium it is shown that the variations in the spatial structure of the NAO can be linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The AMO changes the zonal position of the NAO centers of action, moving them closer to Europe or North America. During AMO+ states, the Icelandic Low moves further towards North America while the Azores High moves further towards Europe and vice versa for AMO- states. The results of a regional downscaling for the East Atlantic/European domain show that AMO-induced changes in the spatial structure of the NAO reduce or enhance its influence on regional climate variables of the Baltic Sea such as sea surface temperature, ice extent, or river runoff.

中文翻译：

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大西洋多年代际涛动控制着北大西洋涛动对北欧气候的影响

欧洲气候受到北大西洋涛动（NAO）的严重影响。但是，NAO的空间结构随时间变化，影响其区域重要性。通过分析最近850年的850年全球气候模型模拟，可以看出NAO空间结构的变化可以与大西洋多年代际涛动（AMO）相关联。AMO改变了NAO行动中心的区域位置，使它们更靠近欧洲或北美。在AMO +州期间，冰岛低地进一步向北美洲移动，而亚速尔群岛高地则进一步向欧洲移动，反之亦然。