Many theories, such as the unification theories that would include gravitation, predict deviations from Newtonian inverse-square law (ISL) at short range. Many high precision experiments have been performed, but additional experiments are still of high scientific importance. Here, we discuss the torque thermal noise caused by residual gas damping, especially the effect of squeeze-film damping, in a proposed ISL experiment at the range of tens of microns. In such experiments, torsion pendulums are usually used to probe the torque interactions between the detector and the attractor, of which the thermal noise should be considered carefully due to the high sensitivity. By introducing a thermal accommodation coefficient, we can accurately model the torque noise of the residual gas damping as a combination of elastic and inelastic collisions. The results show that the noise will increase significantly at short separations between the pendulum and the surrounding components. In partic...

中文翻译：

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剩余气体阻尼噪声对引力平方反比定律的影响

许多理论（例如包含重力的统一理论）会在短期内预测与牛顿反平方定律（ISL）的偏差。已经进行了许多高精度实验，但是其他实验仍然具有很高的科学重要性。在这里，我们讨论了在建议的ISL实验中在数十微米范围内由残留气体阻尼引起的扭矩热噪声，尤其是挤压膜阻尼的影响。在此类实验中，通常使用扭摆来探测检测器和吸引器之间的扭矩相互作用，由于灵敏度高，应仔细考虑其热噪声。通过引入热调节系数，我们可以准确地将残余气体阻尼的扭矩噪声建模为弹性和非弹性碰撞的组合。结果表明，在摆锤与周围组件之间的短暂间隔中，噪声将显着增加。特别是...