The need to limit climate change has led to policies that aim for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Often, a trade-off exists between reducing emissions and associated costs. In this article, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed to determine this trade-off when operating a Community Energy Storage (CES) system in a neighbourhood with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation capacity. The Pareto frontier of costs and emissions objectives is established when the CES system would operate on the day-ahead spot market. The emission profile is constructed based on the marginal emissions. Results show that costs and emissions can simultaneously be decreased for a range of solutions compared to reference scenarios with no battery or a battery only focused on increasing self-consumption, for very attractive CO ₂ abatement costs and without hampering self-consumption of PV-generated electricity. Results are robust for battery degradation, whereas battery efficiency is found to be an important determining factor for simultaneously decreasing costs and emissions. The operational schedules are tested against violating transformer, line and voltage limits through a load flow analysis. The proposed framework can be extended to employ a wide range of objectives and/or location-specific circumstances.

中文翻译：

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社区储能运营优化中环境目标与经济目标的取舍

限制气候变化的需求导致了旨在减少温室气体排放的政策。通常，要在减少排放量和相关成本之间进行权衡。在本文中，提出了一个多目标优化框架，以确定在光伏发电量所占份额较高的社区中运行社区能源存储（CES）系统时的权衡取舍。当CES系统在日间现货市场上运行时，便建立了成本和排放目标的帕累托边界。排放曲线是基于边际排放量构建的。结果表明，与无电池或仅专注于增加自我消费的电池相比，对于一系列解决方案，成本和排放量可以同时降低，从而获得非常有吸引力的二氧化碳 ₂减排成本，并且不影响光伏发电的自耗。结果对于电池退化是可靠的，而电池效率是同时降低成本和排放的重要决定因素。通过潮流分析对运行计划进行测试，以防违反变压器，线路和电压限制。可以将提议的框架扩展为采用广泛的目标和/或特定于位置的情况。