This article puts forward to build a novel virtual power plant (VPP) with electric vehicle (EV) fleet integration to smooth wind power output. First, the VPP framework and coordination mode are designed. Second, a novel configuration and optimization approach for storage size is developed by using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) and particle swarm optimization algorithms, among which the exact mathematical formulation for the optimum WPD decomposed layers is first presented. Next, a coordinated control strategy for EV fleet and ultracapacitor is proposed to optimize their power output and prolong the battery lifetime by raising the depth of discharge and maximizing energy distribution of EV fleet. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

中文翻译：

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大型风电虚拟电厂中的电动汽车车队整合

本文提出建立一个新型的虚拟电厂（VPP）与电动汽车（EV）车队集成，以平滑风电输出。首先，设计了VPP框架和协调模式。其次，通过使用小波包分解 (WPD) 和粒子群优化算法开发了一种新的存储大小配置和优化方法，其中首次提出了最佳 WPD 分解层的精确数学公式。接下来，提出了电动汽车和超级电容器的协调控制策略，通过提高放电深度和最大化电动汽车的能量分配来优化它们的功率输出并延长电池寿命。结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。