Traffic congestion in urban areas causes economic and time loss. Such traffic congestion is caused by selfish routing where users aim to minimize their own travel time. Even if a navigation system provides them with recommended routes, they may not follow the routes, due to dissatisfaction with the expected travel time. In this article, inspired by the concept of “Nudge,” we propose “selfish yet optimal routing,” where all users rationally aim to minimize their own travel time but social optimal routing emerges from such selfish routing by adjusting their perceived traffic information appropriately. We propose a scheme to derive nudging traffic information that fills the gap between selfish routing criterion and altruistic one by internalizing the marginal cost into the perceived traffic information. Users will conduct the selfish routing under their perceived traffic information, which unconsciously results in the optimal routing. Through numerical experiments using both the artificial road network and the real one, we show that the proposed scheme achieves almost the same performance compared with the optimal routing. In addition, the proposed scheme reduces the average travel time by 19.1% compared with notification of actual traffic information, in case of the central-area road network of Nagoya city, Japan.

中文翻译：

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通过调整路网感知到的交通信息实现自私而最优的路由

城市地区的交通拥堵造成经济和时间损失。这种交通拥堵是由自私的路由引起的，用户的目的是尽量减少自己的旅行时间。即使导航系统为他们提供了推荐的路线，由于对预期的旅行时间不满意，他们也可能不会遵循这些路线。在本文中，受“轻推”概念的启发，我们提出了“自私而又最优的路线”，其中所有用户合理地旨在将自己的旅行时间减至最少，但通过适当调整其感知到的交通信息，社交自此路线便产生了社会最优路线。我们提出了一种通过将边际成本内部化到感知到的交通信息中来推导填补交通信息的方案，该信息填补了自私路由标准和利他主义之间的差距。用户将根据其感知到的交通信息进行自私的路由，这会无意识地导致最佳路由。通过使用人工路网和实际路网的数值实验，我们表明，与最优路线相比，该方案可实现几乎相同的性能。此外，在日本名古屋市的中心区域道路网的情况下，与实际交通信息的通知相比，该提议的方案将平均旅行时间减少了19.1％。