Increasing demand for electricity necessitates the use of efficient mechanisms for demand response management (DRM) in the existing smart grid (SG) system. In the Industry 4.0 era, the usage of information and communication technologies in the energy industry revolutionized the existing grid called SG, which provides a bi-directional flow of energy and data. To handle the energy demand of the consumers, DRM is crucial. It provides the active participation of consumers in the energy trading system (ETS) between consumers and service providers. The traditional energy trading system (TETS) relies on the centralized system or trusted third parties, which may act as a single point of failure. So, it is essential to equip the SG system with a secure energy trading system (SETS) to provide privacy and security to the consumer's data. In this direction, one of the emerging technology, called blockchain, can handle the issue as mentioned above, which is a chain of decentralized and distributed transaction ledger that is retained and maintained by each user. It performs peerto- peer (P2P) energy transactions among different consumers, such as individual houses, using smart contracts, and without a central control body. In a decentralized system, each consumer has its energy storage locally generated using renewable energy resources (RES). In this article, SETS, a blockchain-based decentralized ETS framework, is proposed for storing and processing the data generated from smart meters (SMs). In SETS, miner node is designated to validate the requests of energy requirements, dynamic pricing, and time of stay. Then, an energy transaction execution approach is designed for SETS. The evaluation results obtained show that SETS outperforms the TETS in terms of computation time and communication costs.

中文翻译：

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当区块链遇到智能电网：需求响应管理中的安全能源交易


不断增长的电力需求需要在现有智能电网（SG）系统中使用有效的需求响应管理（DRM）机制。在工业4.0时代，信息和通信技术在能源行业的使用彻底改变了现有的电网SG，它提供了能源和数据的双向流动。为了满足消费者的能源需求，DRM 至关重要。它让消费者积极参与消费者和服务提供商之间的能源交易系统（ETS）。传统的能源交易系统（TETS）依赖中心化系统或可信第三方，可能会出现单点故障。因此，必须为 SG 系统配备安全能源交易系统 (SETS)，为消费者数据提供隐私和安全。在这个方向上，一种名为区块链的新兴技术可以解决上述问题，它是一条由每个用户保留和维护的去中心化和分布式交易账本的链。它使用智能合约在不同消费者（例如个体房屋）之间进行点对点（P2P）能源交易，并且没有中央控制机构。在去中心化系统中，每个消费者都拥有使用可再生能源（RES）在本地生成的能量存储。在本文中，提出了基于区块链的去中心化 ETS 框架 SETS，用于存储和处理智能电表（SM）生成的数据。在 SETS 中，指定矿工节点来验证能源需求、动态定价和停留时间的请求。然后，为SETS设计了能源交易执行方法。 获得的评估结果表明，SETS 在计算时间和通信成本方面优于 TETS。