A large number of facts prove that Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has certain security risks and is threatened by attacks. In particular, GNSS civilian signal receivers have some vulnerability in responding to spoofing attack and jamming attack, because the format and modulation of GNSS civilian signals are public. Based on the concerns of existing GNSS spoofing scenarios, this article reviews the research on GNSS anti-spoofing technologies from two aspects. In this article, the strategies of spoofing attacks discovered at this stage are classified in detail, the protection effect and scheme implementation complexity of various anti-spoofing techniques against spoofing attacks are analyzed from the perspective of signal-level and data-level. More specifically, we comprehensively analyze the ability for the combined anti-spoofing methods at the signal-level and the data-level to protect from combinations of different spoofing attack. Finally, the future development trend and potential research direction of GNSS anti-spoofing technology are summarized and predicted.

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全球导航卫星系统欺骗与反欺骗技术综述

大量事实证明，全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）存在一定的安全隐患，受到攻击威胁。特别是GNSS民用信号接收器在应对欺骗攻击和干扰攻击方面存在一定的脆弱性，因为GNSS民用信号的格式和调制是公开的。基于对现有GNSS欺骗场景的关注，本文从两个方面回顾了GNSS反欺骗技术的研究。本文对现阶段发现的欺骗攻击策略进行了详细分类，从信号级和数据级的角度分析了各种反欺骗技术对欺骗攻击的保护效果和方案实现复杂度。进一步来说，我们综合分析了信号级和数据级的组合反欺骗方法对不同欺骗攻击组合的保护能力。最后，对GNSS反欺骗技术未来的发展趋势和潜在的研究方向进行了总结和预测。