The fact that Earth is teeming with life makes it appear odd to ask whether there could be other planets in our galaxy that may be even more suitable for life. Neglecting this possible class of “superhabitable” planets, however, could be considered anthropocentric and geocentric biases. Most important from the perspective of an observer searching for extrasolar life is that such a search might be executed most effectively with a focus on superhabitable planets instead of Earth-like planets. We argue that there could be regions of astrophysical parameter space of star-planet systems that could allow for planets to be even better for life than our Earth. We aim to identify those parameters and their optimal ranges, some of which are astrophysically motivated, whereas others are based on the varying habitability of the natural history of our planet. Some of these conditions are far from being observationally testable on planets outside the solar system. Still, we can distill a short list of 24 top contenders among the >4000 exoplanets known today that could be candidates for a superhabitable planet. In fact, we argue that, with regard to the search for extrasolar life, potentially superhabitable planets may deserve higher priority for follow-up observations than most Earth-like planets.

中文翻译：

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寻找比地球更好的行星：超级宜居世界的主要竞争者。

地球上充满生命的事实使得询问我们银河系中是否还有其他更适合生命存在的行星显得很奇怪。然而，忽略这种可能的“超级宜居”行星类别，可以被认为是人类中心主义和地心主义偏见。从寻找太阳系外生命的观察者的角度来看，最重要的是，这样的搜索可能会最有效地执行，重点是超级宜居行星而不是类地行星。我们认为可能存在恒星-行星系统的天体物理参数空间区域，可以使行星比我们的地球更适合生命生存。我们的目标是确定这些参数及其最佳范围，其中一些是出于天体物理学的考虑，而另一些则是基于我们星球自然历史的不同宜居性。其中一些条件远不能在太阳系外的行星上进行观测测试。尽管如此，我们仍然可以从今天已知的 > 4000 颗系外行星中提取出 24 颗主要竞争者的简短清单，这些行星可能是超级宜居行星的候选者。事实上，我们认为，在寻找太阳系外生命方面，与大多数类地行星相比，潜在的超级宜居行星可能值得在后续观测中获得更高的优先级。