To investigate whether specific time series patterns for blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and sympathetic tone are associated with metabolic factors and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). A total of 989 patients who underwent simultaneous 24-hour ambulatory BP and Holter electrocardiogram monitoring were enrolled. The patients were categorized into sixteen groups according to their circadian patterns using the consensus clustering analysis method. Metabolic factors, including cholesterol profiles and apolipoprotein, were compared. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated based on the Framingham risk model. Overall, 16 significant associations were found between the clinical variables and cluster groups. Age was commonly associated with all clusters in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), HR, and sympathetic tone. Metabolic indicators, including diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein, were associated with the four sympathetic tone clusters. In the crude analysis, the ASCVD risk increased incrementally from clusters 1 to 4 across SBP, DBP, HR, and sympathetic tone. After adjustment for multiple variables, however, only sympathetic tone clusters 3 and 4 showed a significantly high proportion of patients at high risk (≥7.5%) of 10-year ASCVD (, 95% , and value = 0.024 and , 95% , and value < 0.001, respectively). Time series patterns of BP, HR, and sympathetic tone can serve as an indicator of aging. Circadian variations in sympathetic tone can provide prognostic information about patient metabolic profiles and indicate future ASCVD risk.

中文翻译：

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24小时动态血压，心率和交感神经的昼夜节律变化模式与心血管疾病风险相关：聚类分析

调查血压，心率（HR）和交感神经的特定时间序列模式是否与代谢因子和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的10年风险相关。共有989名患者同时接受了24小时动态BP和动态心电图监测。使用共识聚类分析方法，根据昼夜节律将患者分为十六组。比较了包括胆固醇谱和载脂蛋白在内的代谢因子。根据Framingham风险模型估算了10年ASCVD风险。总体而言，在临床变量和聚类组之间发现了16个显着关联。年龄通常与收缩压（SBP），舒张压（DBP），心率和交感神经的所有簇有关。包括糖尿病，体重指数，总胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白和载脂蛋白在内的代谢指标与四个交感音群相关。在粗略分析中，ASCVD风险在SBP，DBP，HR和同情心上从1组增加到4组。但是，在对多个变量进行调整后，只有交感神经音群3和4在10年期ASCVD的高危患者中（≥7.5％）显示了很高的比例（， 95％，和的值= 0.024和， 95％，且值分别<0.001）。BP，HR和交感神经的时间序列模式可以作为衰老的指标。昼夜节律的变化可提供有关患者代谢状况的预后信息，并指示未来的ASCVD风险。