Previous studies have concluded that surface-modified titanium oxide (titania, TiO₂) surface properties promote osteoblast cell morphology and proliferation. To screen a suitable structured titania coating with the best biocompatibility to be used in dental implants, five titania films (two amorphous, one rutile, and two anatases) with different surfaces were successfully synthesized on polished titanium by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. We applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to depict the formulations. Furthermore, MC3T3-E1, the mouse osteoblast precursor cell, was used to assess cell proliferation and observe morphologic changes at the film surface. The data indicated that the overall number of MC3T3-E1 cells on anatase films was significantly higher as compared with cells on rutile and amorphous films. Meanwhile, the actin filaments of the cells grown on the anatase phase films were well defined and fully spread. In addition, the film with higher roughness had enhanced biocompatibility than that with lower roughness. The results showed that the crystal phase and titania coated roughness had a greater influence on the biocompatibility of nanostructured titania film. The higher the roughness of the anatase phase was, the better bioactivity for the morphology and proliferation of osteoblast. This is a good surface-modified biological material and may have a good application prospect in dental implants.

中文翻译：

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粗糙度较高的纳米形貌二氧化钛锐钛矿相在成骨细胞形态和增殖方面具有更好的生物相容性


先前的研究得出结论，表面修饰的二氧化钛（二氧化钛，TiO ₂ ）表面特性可促进成骨细胞的形态和增殖。为了筛选具有最佳生物相容性的合适结构化二氧化钛涂层用于牙种植体，通过射频（RF）磁控溅射在抛光钛上成功合成了五种不同表面的二氧化钛薄膜（两种非晶态、一种金红石型和两种锐钛矿型）。我们应用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 来描述配方。此外，MC3T3-E1（小鼠成骨细胞前体细胞）用于评估细胞增殖并观察薄膜表面的形态变化。数据表明，锐钛矿膜上的MC3T3-E1细胞总数明显高于金红石膜和无定形膜上的细胞。同时，在锐钛矿相膜上生长的细胞的肌动蛋白丝轮廓分明且完全展开。此外，粗糙度较高的薄膜比粗糙度较低的薄膜具有更高的生物相容性。结果表明，晶相和二氧化钛包覆粗糙度对纳米结构二氧化钛薄膜的生物相容性影响较大。锐钛矿相的粗糙度越高，对成骨细胞形态和增殖的生物活性越好。这是一种良好的表面改性生物材料，在牙种植体方面可能具有良好的应用前景。