The rise of the internet and computational power in recent years allowed for the exponential growth of misinformation phenomena. An issue that was a non-issue a decade ago, became a challenge for societal cohesion. The emergence of this new threat has led many stakeholders, especially in Europe, to act in order to tackle this phenomenon. This paper provides in its first part a literature review on misinformation in Europe, and in its second part a webometrics analysis on the identified key stakeholders. In the results we discuss who those stakeholders are, what actions do they perform to limit misinformation and whether those actions have an impact.

中文翻译：

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欧洲的错误信息及其利益相关者：基于网络的分析

近年来，互联网和计算能力的兴起使得错误信息现象呈指数级增长。一个十年前还不是问题的问题，变成了对社会凝聚力的挑战。这种新威胁的出现促使许多利益相关者，特别是在欧洲，采取行动应对这一现象。本文的第一部分是关于欧洲错误信息的文献综述，第二部分是对确定的关键利益相关者的网络计量分析。在结果中，我们讨论了这些利益相关者是谁，他们采取了哪些行动来限制错误信息，以及这些行动是否会产生影响。