This paper reports an electrically generated optical waveguide for the transverse-magnetic wave. The waveguide is formed in a z-cut single-crystal lithium-niobate (LN) thin film by the electro-optic effect, where the extraordinary refractive index (RI) of the LN film is increased by a voltage applied to patterned electrodes that define the waveguide geometry. Such a waveguide can be made to exist or disappear by turning on or off the applied voltage. A straight waveguide and an S-bend waveguide with an RI contrast of ∼0.004 are generated at a voltage of 200 V. The propagation loss of the generated waveguide measured at the wavelength 532 nm is 1.8 dB/cm. Electrically generated optical waveguides could fulfill useful functions in photonic integrated circuits, such as reconfigurable cross connect and switching that require wavelength-independent and mode-independent operation.

中文翻译：

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铌酸锂薄膜中的电产生的光波导

本文报道了一种用于横电磁波的电光波导。波导形成为z通过电光效应切割单晶铌酸锂（LN）薄膜，其中LN膜的非凡折射率（RI）通过施加到定义波导几何形状的图案化电极的电压增加。通过导通或截止施加的电压，可以使这种波导存在或消失。在200 V的电压下会产生RI对比度为〜0.004的直线波导和S形弯曲波导。在波长532 nm处测得的所产生波导的传播损耗为1.8 dB / cm。电产生的光波导可以在光子集成电路中实现有用的功能，例如需要波长独立和模式独立操作的可重新配置的交叉连接和交换。