Antagonistic coevolution between host and parasite drives species evolution. However, most of the studies only focus on parasitism adaptation and do not explore the coevolution mechanisms from the perspective of both host and parasite. Here, through the de novo sequencing and assembly of the genomes of giant panda roundworm, red panda roundworm, and lion roundworm parasitic on tiger, we investigated the genomic mechanisms of coevolution between non-model mammals and their parasitic roundworms and those of roundworm parasitism in general. The genome-wide phylogeny revealed that these parasitic roundworms have not phylogenetically coevolved with their hosts. The CTSZ and P4HB immunoregulatory proteins played a central role in protein interaction between mammals and parasitic roundworms. The gene tree comparison identified that seven pairs of interactive proteins had consistent phylogenetic topology, suggesting their coevolution during host-parasite interaction. These coevolutionary proteins were particularly relevant to immune response. In addition, we found that the roundworms of both pandas exhibited higher proportions of metallopeptidase genes, and some positively selected genes were highly related to their larvae’s fast development. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic mechanisms of coevolution between non-model mammals and parasites, and offer the valuable genomic resources for scientific ascariasis prevention in both pandas.

中文翻译：

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非模型哺乳动物和寄生round虫之间共同进化的基因组特征。

宿主和寄生虫之间的拮抗协同进化驱动物种进化。但是，大多数研究仅关注寄生虫适应，而没有从寄主和寄生虫的角度探讨协同进化机制。在这里，从头开始对老虎寄生的大熊猫round虫，小熊猫round虫和狮子para虫的基因组进行测序和组装，我们研究了非模式哺乳动物与其寄生round虫以及round虫寄生虫之间共同进化的基因组机制。全基因组系统发育研究表明，这些寄生have虫尚未与其宿主系统进化。CTSZ和P4HB免疫调节蛋白在哺乳动物与寄生round虫之间的蛋白相互作用中起着核心作用。基因树比较确定了七对相互作用蛋白具有一致的系统发育拓扑结构，表明它们在宿主-寄生虫相互作用过程中共同进化。这些协同进化蛋白与免疫反应特别相关。此外，我们发现，两个大熊猫的exhibit虫都表现出较高的金属肽酶基因比例，并且一些积极选择的基因与其幼虫的快速发育高度相关。我们的发现为非模式哺乳动物与寄生虫之间协同进化的遗传机制提供了新颖的见解，并为预防这两种大熊猫的科学as虫病提供了宝贵的基因组资源。