ABSTRACT

A large part of ecosystem function in woodland systems depends on soil fungal communities. However, global climate change has the potential to fundamentally alter these communities as fungal species are filtered with changing environmental conditions. In this study, we examined the potential effects of climate on host-associated (i.e. tree-associated) soil fungal communities at climatically distinct sites in the Tehachapi Mountains in California, where more arid conditions represent likely regional climate futures. We found that soil fungal community composition changes strongly across sites, with species richness and diversity being highest at the most arid site. However, host association may buffer the effects of climate on community composition, as host-associated fungal communities are more similar to each other across climatically distinct sites than the whole fungal community. Lastly, an examination of functional traits for ectomycorrhizal fungi, a well-studied guild of fungal mutualist species, showed that stress-tolerant traits were more abundant at arid sites than mesic sites, providing a mechanistic understanding of these community patterns. Taken together, our results indicate that fungal community composition will likely shift with future climate change but that host association may buffer these effects, with shifts in functional traits having implications for future ecosystem function.

中文翻译：

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土壤真菌群落组成和功能相似性在不同的气候条件下转移。

摘要

林地系统中生态系统功能的很大一部分取决于土壤真菌群落。但是，随着真菌种类随环境条件的变化而被过滤，全球气候变化有可能从根本上改变这些群落。在这项研究中，我们研究了气候对加利福尼亚州特哈查比山气候不同地点的寄主相关（即树相关）土壤真菌群落的潜在影响，那里更干旱的条件代表着可能的区域气候未来。我们发现，土壤真菌群落组成在各个地点之间变化很大，在最干旱的地点物种丰富度和多样性最高。但是，寄主协会可能会缓冲气候对社区组成的影响，因为与寄主相关的真菌群落在整个气候上不同的站点之间比整个真菌群落彼此更相似。最后，对外生菌根真菌的功能性状进行了研究，根除性真菌是一个经过广泛研究的真菌共生物种行会，结果表明，干旱部位的耐性性状比中等部位更为丰富，从而提供了对这些群落模式的机械理解。两者合计，我们的结果表明，真菌群落组成可能会随着未来的气候变化而变化，但寄主协会可能会缓冲这些影响，功能特征的变化会影响未来的生态系统功能。研究表明，干旱位点比耐旱位点具有更多的耐压性状，从而提供了对这些群落模式的机械理解。两者合计，我们的结果表明，真菌群落组成可能会随着未来的气候变化而变化，但寄主协会可能会缓冲这些影响，功能特征的变化会影响未来的生态系统功能。研究表明，干旱位点比耐旱位点具有更多的耐压性状，从而提供了对这些群落模式的机械理解。两者合计，我们的结果表明，真菌群落组成可能会随着未来的气候变化而变化，但寄主协会可能会缓冲这些影响，功能特征的变化会影响未来的生态系统功能。