The outcomes of fuel drop impact on heated walls will affect the fuel-air mixture distribution and the subsequent combustion and emissions in internal combustion engines. Existing numerical models for drop-wall interactions are mainly validated for conditions at atmospheric pressures. In this work, a numerical method, based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics, was developed to simulate the drop impact on a heated wall at high pressures. The effects of high temperature and high pressure on the evaporation of the drop were considered. The impact regimes under various wall temperatures and ambient pressures were identified, including deposit, contact splash, film splash, and rebound. Numerical predictions were validated by experimental observations. The present method predicted the increase in the critical temperature above which the drop would rebound as the ambient pressure increased. For example, for $n$-heptane drop impact on a 200 °C wall at $\mathrm{We}=50$, the drop rebounds at 1 bar but deposits at 20 bars ambient pressure. The present method is able to capture the shift in the Leidenfrost point with the change in ambient pressure. The ability to predict such effects of the ambient pressure on drop-wall interactions is important in simulating spray impingement at realistic engine conditions.

中文翻译：

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在大气压和高压下，燃料滴对加热表面的冲击的平滑粒子流体动力学建模

燃油滴撞击加热壁的结果将影响燃油-空气混合物的分布以及随后内燃机的燃烧和排放。现有的滴壁相互作用数值模型主要针对大气压条件进行了验证。在这项工作中，开发了一种基于平滑粒子流体动力学的数值方法来模拟高压下液滴对加热壁的冲击。考虑了高温和高压对液滴蒸发的影响。确定了在各种壁温和环境压力下的冲击方式，包括沉积，接触飞溅，薄膜飞溅和回弹。数值预测得到了实验观察的证实。本方法预测了临界温度的升高，在该温度以上，下降将随着环境压力的增加而反弹。例如，对于$ñ$庚烷在200°C的壁上下降的影响 $\mathrm{我们}=50$，液滴在1 bar下反弹，但在20 bar环境压力下沉积。本方法能够随着环境压力的变化捕捉莱顿弗罗斯特点的变化。预测环境压力对下壁相互作用的影响的能力对于在实际发动机条件下模拟喷雾撞击非常重要。